UPSC Prelims 2017 Analysis

Explanation

The Second Round Table Conference took place in London in September 1931. It aimed to discuss constitutional reforms in India but ultimately failed to reach a consensus.

The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in August 1942, demanding an immediate end to British rule in India.

The Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy occurred in February 1946. It was a major uprising by Indian sailors against the British Raj, though it happened after the Quit India Movement. Thus correct chronology of events is 3-2-1 i.e. option 'C'.

Explanation

The principle of Dyarchy was introduced by the Government of India Act of 1919 in the provinces of British India.

This system divided the functions of government into two categories central and provincial.

The provincial subjects were further subdivided into transferred and reserved.

Thus, the principle of Dyarchy refers to the division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories.

Explanation

The Trade Disputes Act, 1929. The main object of the Act was to make provisions for the establishment of Courts of Inquiry and Boards of Conciliation to investigate and settle trade disputes. The Act prohibited strikes or lock-outs without notice in public utility services; it also made any strike or lock-out illegal.

Explanation

A three-member committee headed by Harcourt Butler, appointed on December 16, 1927, aimed to examine the relations between the native states and the paramount power, and to improve the relationship between the Government of India and the Indian States. It clearly stated that paramountcy must remain paramount.

The committee fully endorsed that the viceroy should remain the Crown agent in dealing with the native states.

Explanation

The Ryotwari system was a land revenue system in British India, introduced by Sir Thomas Munro in 1820 based on system administered by Captain Alexander Reid in the Baramahal district.

It allowed the government to deal directly with the peasant (ryot) for revenue collection and gave the peasant freedom to give up or acquire new land for cultivation.

The peasant was assessed for only the lands he was cultivating.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Factories Act of 1881 did not address worker wages or the formation of trade unions. Its primary focus was on improving working conditions, especially for children. It limited working hours for children, prohibited child labour under a certain age, and mandated breaks during the workday.

Statement 2 is correct. N.M. Lokhande is indeed considered a pioneer of the labour movement in British India. He actively campaigned for better working conditions and worker rights.

Explanation

The British Indian Association was established in October 1851. The President of the first committee of this organization was Raja Radhakanta Deb, while Debendranath Tagore was its secretary. The newspaper of this society was Hindu patriot which adopted a strongly critical political tone. It was formed by the amalgamation of the Landholders? Society and the Bengal British India Society.

The first organisation in the Madras Presidency to agitate for the rights of Indians was the Madras Native Association which was established by publicist Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty in 1852. This organisation did not survive for long and was eventually disbanded.

In May 1884, M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anandacharlu established the Madras Mahajana Sabha. Hence, pair two is incorrectly matched.

The Indian National Association, also known as the Indian Association, was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876. The objectives of this Association were "promoting by every legitimate means the political, intellectual and material advancement of the people".