The eastward expansion of the Thar Desert reflects the growing challenge of desertification in India. Examine the major drivers of desertification and suggest measures for sustainable land management.

The recent incidents of severe in-flight turbulence have drawn attention to upper air phenomena and their growing implications for aviation safety. Discuss the major upper air atmospheric phenomena and examine their significance for weather forecasting, disaster management and aviation.

The recent efforts by the Centre to facilitate dialogue between Odisha and Chhattisgarh have revived hopes of resolving the Mahanadi water dispute. Examine the constitutional and federal issues involved in inter-state river water disputes, and evaluate the measures required for their timely and cooperative resolution.

"The true potential of Artificial Intelligence lies not merely in building frontier AI models, but in commoditising AI as a Digital Public Infrastructure that is affordable, accessible and inclusive." Discuss.

"The recurring immigration crises in Europe reflect a deeper tension between humanitarian values, demographic realities and national sovereignty." Discuss in the context of the recent Spain migration crisis.

"The rise of social media platforms has created a new governance challenge where private digital power increasingly intersects with sovereign state authority." Examine the challenges this poses to democratic governance. Suggest measures to ensure accountable digital governance.

"Respect for national symbols strengthens national unity, but constitutional democracies must also safeguard individual freedoms." Examine this statement in the context of legal protection for national symbols in India.

Industrial production is an important indicator of the health of an economy. Examine the role of industrial production in promoting sustainable economic growth in India. Suggest measures to sustain industrial growth in the long run.

Artificial Intelligence is fundamentally transforming the nature of work rather than merely replacing jobs. Examine the impact of AI on employment in India. Discuss the measures required to ensure an inclusive and future-ready workforce.

Wildfires are increasingly emerging as a major natural disaster in the era of climate change. Examine the factors responsible for the increasing incidence of wildfires and discuss the measures required to strengthen wildfire disaster management in India, in the light of the recent France wildfires.

India's examination system is due for structural reforms to meet the demands of a knowledge-driven economy. Examine the key challenges in the existing examination system and discuss how technology-driven reforms can improve its credibility, inclusiveness and effectiveness.

The global race for Artificial Intelligence is reshaping the semiconductor industry and increasing the cost of electronics worldwide. Examine the economic implications of rising chip prices for India. Suggest measures to strengthen India's semiconductor ecosystem.

Recurring floods in India are increasingly becoming a consequence of developmental and governance failures rather than natural phenomena alone. Examine this statement in the light of the recent Assam floods. Suggest measures for building long-term flood resilience.

The proposed U.S - Saudi Civil Nuclear Deal reflects the growing strategic importance of nuclear diplomacy in contemporary international relations. Examine its geopolitical significance and discuss its implications for regional stability and the global nuclear non-proliferation regime.

India's pharmaceutical industry is increasingly becoming a strategic pillar of the economy and global healthcare. In this context, examine the implications of the proposed U.S. tariffs on generic medicines for India's pharmaceutical sector and discuss the policy measures needed to strengthen its global competitiveness.

Water scarcity is increasingly emerging as a developmental challenge rather than merely an environmental concern. Discuss the causes and consequences of water scarcity in India. Suggest measures to ensure long-term water security.

Examine the role of protests and hunger strikes in strengthening democratic accountability in India. Discuss the constitutional, ethical and governance challenges associated with their use in a constitutional democracy, with suitable examples.

Examine the significance of the successful launch of Skyroot Aerospace's Vikram-1 mission for India's space ecosystem. What challenges must India address to emerge as a global leader in the commercial space sector?

Examine the role of the National Investment Policy for Urea-2026 in strengthening India's fertiliser security. What challenges could limit its objective of achieving self-reliance in urea production?

The U.S. Federal Reserve is often regarded as the world's most influential central bank. Examine the factors that enable the Federal Reserve to shape global monetary conditions. Discuss its implications for emerging economies like India.