Discuss the significance of the indigenous Rotavac vaccine in India's public health strategy. How does its inclusion in the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) reflect India's progress towards self-reliance in vaccine development?

India is witnessing an epidemiological transition with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) emerging as a major health challenge. Discuss the factors responsible for this trend and suggest measures to address it.

Discuss the factors responsible for the simultaneous withdrawal of the southwest monsoon and the onset of the northeast monsoon over southern India in recent years.

“The Supreme Court’s recent relaxation on the use of green fireworks highlights the challenge of balancing environmental protection with social and cultural practices.”
Discuss the significance of this decision in the context of air pollution control and public compliance with environmental laws.

Discuss the major causes of deteriorating air quality in Delhi during the post-monsoon season. How effective has the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) been in addressing these challenges?

Discuss the factors behind the recent decline in retail inflation and analyze its implications for monetary policy and household welfare.

“The recent migration of government email services to Zoho marks a significant step towards India’s digital sovereignty.”
Discuss the significance of this move in strengthening India’s self-reliance in digital infrastructure and the challenges that need to be addressed.

Discuss the significance of demonstrating macroscopic quantum tunnelling through Josephson junctions in advancing the field of quantum computing and modern electronics.

Discuss the significance of the recent India–UK agreements in defence, education, and technology in strengthening strategic and economic ties between the two countries.

“India–Australia defence cooperation has emerged as a key pillar in ensuring stability and security in the Indo-Pacific region.”
Discuss the significance of recent agreements between the two nations in this context.

Discuss how the Draft National Labour and Employment Policy (Shram Shakti Niti, 2025) aims to balance workers’ welfare with the goal of enhancing ease of doing business in India.

In the context of global trade uncertainties, how can the Indian private sector and the government collaborate to ensure inclusive and resilient economic growth?

Discuss the significance of the discovery of regulatory T cells and the FOXP3 gene in understanding peripheral immune tolerance and its implications for treating autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Mission Sudarshan Chakra represents a major leap in India’s quest for an integrated and technology-driven air defence network. Discuss how advancements in space-based surveillance, artificial intelligence, and directed energy weapons are transforming India’s defence preparedness.

The recurring incidents of contamination in pharmaceutical products like cough syrups raise serious concerns about India’s drug regulatory framework. Discuss the systemic challenges in ensuring drug safety and suggest measures to strengthen pharmaceutical quality control in India.

Discuss the rationale behind India’s proposal to develop a Global Governance Index in collaboration with international institutions such as the World Bank and OECD.

India experienced its 5th wettest monsoon since 2001. In this context, discuss the impact of changing monsoon patterns on agriculture, water management, and disaster preparedness in India.

Recently, the RBI permitted banks to finance corporate mergers & acquisitions and allowed rupee-denominated loans to neighboring countries while keeping the repo rate unchanged at 5.5%. In this context, discuss how these measures reflect India’s shift towards regional financial influence and strengthening of capital markets.

Discuss the demand for Ladakh’s statehood and inclusion in the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution in the context of recent protests and Sonam Wangchuk's arrest.

What is the phenomenon of cloudbursts? Explain.