Mains Answer Writing - 30 Aug, 2026

GS3

Disaster Management

15 marks

Recurring urban floods in Indian cities reflect not only extreme rainfall but also failures of urban planning and governance. Examine the causes of urban flooding and suggest measures for building climate-resilient cities.

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Tips for your answer

Show how extreme rainfall becomes a disaster because urbanisation removes cities’ natural capacity to absorb water.
NDMA guidelines and the sponge-city concept are sufficient anchors.
Avoid treating urban flooding purely as a climate-change problem; planning and governance failures are equally important.

9.5/15

Topper’s Answer Sheet

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