Mains Answer Writing - 7 Oct, 2026

GS1

Physical Geography

15 marks

Rapid urbanisation is intensifying the Urban Heat Island effect in Indian cities. Examine how urban planning contributes to rising heat stress and suggest measures to build heat-resilient cities.

Tips for your answer

  • Treat urban heat as a planning problem, not merely a consequence of climate change.
  • Heat Action Plans have been prepared by 23 States, 195 districts and 64 cities.
  • Do not discuss heatwaves alone; connect heat stress specifically with urban form, lost greenery, concretisation and blocked airflow.

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