How do royal titles (birudas) help in understanding the personality and cultural priorities of rulers in ancient India? Illustrate with examples from the Pallava period.

How do royal titles (birudas) help in understanding the personality and cultural priorities of rulers in ancient India? Illustrate with examples from the Pallava period.

“The recent depreciation of the Indian Rupee amid global geopolitical tensions highlights structural vulnerabilities in India’s external sector.”
Discuss the causes behind the rupee depreciation and critically examine its impact on the Indian economy. Suggest policy measures to ensure exchange rate stability.

“The Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF) represents a new model of climate finance aimed at conserving tropical forests through performance-based payments.”
Critically examine its potential in addressing deforestation and advancing climate justice, with special reference to the role of indigenous communities.

“Despite judicial interventions, social stigma and institutional gaps continue to hinder comprehensive sexuality education in India.”
Discuss the challenges in implementing inclusive sexuality education in India. Suggest measures to make educational institutions safer and more inclusive spaces for diverse identities.

“Digital tolling systems such as National Highways Authority of India ’s FASTag have transformed highway financing and traffic management in India.”
Discuss the significance of FASTag-based toll collection and the introduction of the Annual Pass system for non-commercial vehicles in improving efficiency on National Highways Authority of India managed national highways. Also analyse the challenges associated with toll pricing and accessibility for commuters.

“Strategic maritime chokepoints and energy export hubs play a crucial role in global energy security.”
In this context, discuss the strategic significance of Kharg Island in the global oil supply chain. Also analyse the implications of instability in the region for India’s energy security.

“India–Canada relations are witnessing a pragmatic reset driven by strategic, economic, and energy considerations.”
Discuss the significance of the recent India–Canada agreements, particularly in the areas of nuclear energy and critical minerals cooperation.

“Passive euthanasia in India reflects the evolving interpretation of the Right to Life under Article 21 of the Constitution.”
Discuss in the light of recent Supreme Court developments and the ethical concerns surrounding end-of-life decisions.

“The Strait of Hormuz remains one of the most critical maritime chokepoints in the global energy supply chain.”
Discuss its geopolitical significance and analyse the implications of instability in the region for India’s energy security.

Technology-driven environmental monitoring systems are becoming essential for sustainable urban governance in India.
In this context, discuss the role of initiatives such as the Lake and Air Watch Initiative in improving urban lake conservation and air quality management.

Discuss the constitutional position, powers, and functions of the Lieutenant Governor in Union Territories with special reference to Delhi.

“Persistent Current Account Deficit (CAD) is not necessarily harmful for a developing economy like India, but its sustainability depends on the nature of capital inflows.”
Examine this statement in the context of India’s external sector.

The United Nations is undergoing institutional reform through initiatives such as the UN80 Initiative. Examine the need for reforms in the United Nations system in the context of contemporary global challenges.

“The evolution of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) reflects changing dynamics of nuclear deterrence and strategic stability.”
Discuss in the context of the test launch of the LGM‑30G Minuteman III and the concept of the Nuclear Triad.

India’s partnership with technologically advanced but smaller economies is becoming an important pillar of its foreign policy. In this context, examine the significance of the India–Finland Strategic Partnership in Digitalisation and Sustainability.

“The escalating conflict between the United States, Israel and Iran has expanded its impact across the West Asian region, threatening regional stability and global energy security.”
Examine the geopolitical and economic implications of this conflict for West Asia and the world.

“Artificial Intelligence is emerging as a developmental multiplier in the Global South, particularly in sectors such as agriculture, health, education and gender justice.”

Discuss this statement in the context of recent AI impact initiatives showcased at the India AI Impact Summit 2026. Also examine the challenges related to accessibility, inclusivity and ethical governance in scaling such AI solutions.

“India’s recent growth trajectory reflects a structural shift towards manufacturing and services, even as agriculture shows signs of deceleration.”
Examine this statement in the context of the latest GDP estimates for FY26.

“The shift from deterrence to decapitation strategies increases the risk of prolonged instability.” Comment in the context of the Iran conflict.