What is BRICS? Discuss its significance for India and the major challenges it faces.

How can India harness its demographic dividend to meet domestic and global workforce needs? Discuss.

What is money laundering? Explain its process and measures taken by India to combat it.

Judicial independence cannot be sustained without corresponding mechanisms of judicial accountability. Examine the existing framework for ensuring accountability in India’s higher judiciary and suggest reforms to strengthen judicial integrity while preserving its independence.

The reorganisation of States on linguistic lines was initially feared as a threat to India’s unity, but eventually became an instrument of national consolidation. Examine the evolution and significance of linguistic reorganisation in post-independence India.

ISRO’s EOS-05 marks an important advancement in India’s Earth observation capabilities. Explain the significance of geosynchronous Earth observation satellites and examine their applications for India.

In an increasingly fragmented geopolitical order, regional multilateral organisations have become important instruments for advancing national interests and strategic autonomy. Examine the significance of India’s engagement with such groupings and the challenges in forging consensus within them.

The recent Bihar–Jharkhand agreement on sharing the Sone River waters demonstrates the potential of negotiated mechanisms in resolving inter-State water disputes. Examine the challenges associated with inter-State river water governance in India and suggest measures for their cooperative resolution.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation provides India both a platform for deeper Eurasian engagement and a forum marked by significant strategic contradictions. In light of the recent SCO Summit, examine the significance of the organisation for India and the challenges that constrain its effectiveness.

India’s latest GDP numbers indicate resilient growth alongside signs of an emerging investment cycle. Examine the drivers of India’s recent economic growth and assess whether it can translate into a sustained private investment boom.

Regenerative agriculture seeks to restore ecological processes while sustaining farm productivity. Examine its significance for addressing soil degradation and climate vulnerability in Indian agriculture, and discuss the challenges in scaling it up.

The Special Representatives mechanism remains central to managing the India–China boundary question despite the absence of a final settlement. Examine its significance in maintaining peace along the LAC and stabilising bilateral relations.

Recurring urban floods in Indian cities reflect not only extreme rainfall but also failures of urban planning and governance. Examine the causes of urban flooding and suggest measures for building climate-resilient cities.

A decade of UPI demonstrates how Digital Public Infrastructure can combine scale, inclusion and innovation. Examine UPI’s contribution to India’s digital economy and discuss the priorities for its next phase of growth.

India’s push for indigenous AI compute, foundation models and semiconductor capacity reflects the growing strategic importance of technological sovereignty. Examine how sovereign AI capabilities can strengthen India’s economic and national security.

The debate over applying the creamy-layer principle to SC/ST reservations raises a tension between historical group-based discrimination and intra-group inequality. Critically examine its constitutional and social implications.

India’s induction of MQ-9B Sea Guardian HALE drones reflects the growing importance of persistent surveillance in maritime security. Examine how such unmanned systems can strengthen India’s internal and maritime security architecture.

The recent rise in sugar prices has revived the debate over diverting sugarcane for ethanol production. Examine the economic and environmental significance of India’s ethanol-blending programme and the challenges of balancing food, fuel and farmer interests.

Road accidents in India constitute not merely a transport challenge but a recurring human-induced disaster. Examine the causes of high road fatalities and suggest a disaster-management approach to road safety.

The escalating US–Canada tariff conflict reflects the growing weaponisation of trade among major economies. Examine its implications for India and the opportunities it creates for Indian trade.