Discuss the constitutional and statutory provisions governing the disqualification of Members of Parliament in India. How do these provisions help maintain the integrity of the electoral process?

The inclusion of transgender persons in welfare schemes is an important step towards achieving substantive equality in India. In this context, examine the significance of the ‘Pink Saheli’ free bus travel scheme for transgender persons. Also discuss the challenges faced in ensuring effective access to such welfare benefits.

Gilgit-Baltistan occupies a pivotal position in the Kashmir dispute due to its strategic location, historical evolution, and geopolitical significance. Examine the importance of Gilgit-Baltistan for India and discuss the challenges arising from Pakistan’s administrative and electoral measures in the region.

India has recently undertaken major reforms to liberalise foreign participation in equity and government securities markets. Discuss the significance of these reforms in attracting long-term foreign capital. Also examine the potential risks associated with greater foreign portfolio investment in the Indian economy.

“Data-driven governance has the potential to transform grassroots democracy and improve service delivery in rural India.” In this context, examine the significance of the Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) in strengthening local self-governance and achieving the Localisation of Sustainable Development Goals (LSDGs).

India recorded a GDP growth rate of 7% in FY 2025–26 despite global economic uncertainties. Examine the key drivers of this growth. Discuss whether high GDP growth alone is sufficient to ensure inclusive and sustainable development in India.

“Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional grey infrastructure for enhancing coastal resilience against climate change.”
In the context of India's coastal regions, examine the role of mangroves as natural climate shields. Discuss the challenges in mainstreaming Ecosystem-based Adaptation in coastal management and suggest measures to strengthen its implementation.

The India–Oman Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) marks a significant step in strengthening India's economic and strategic engagement in the Gulf region. Discuss the economic and geopolitical significance of the agreement for India. Also examine the challenges that may limit its potential benefits.

The increasing use of suo motu cognisance by the Supreme Court has strengthened judicial responsiveness to issues of public importance. However, frequent interventions may raise concerns regarding judicial overreach and institutional neglect of lower courts. Critically examine.

Differentiate between Wholesale Price Index (WPI), Consumer Price Index (CPI), and Producer Price Index (PPI). Why is India introducing a Producer Price Index alongside the revised WPI?

The Government of India has revised the base year of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) from 2011–12 to 2022–23 and expanded its coverage to include emerging sectors such as renewable energy. Discuss the significance of revising the base year of price indices. How can an updated WPI improve economic policymaking and inflation measurement in India?

The emergence of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in wildlife habitats poses significant challenges to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. In the context of the recent Babesia infection-related deaths of Asiatic lion cubs in Gir National Park, discuss the causes, ecological implications, and management strategies for controlling such diseases in protected areas.

“Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technology has the potential to transform road safety, intelligent transport systems, and autonomous mobility in India.”

Discuss the significance of V2X technology in improving urban transportation and road safety. Also examine the regulatory, infrastructural, and cybersecurity challenges associated with its implementation in India.

“Discovery of endemic species in biodiversity hotspots highlights the ecological significance of protected riparian ecosystems in India.”
In the light of the recent discovery of Humboldtia nairiana in the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, discuss the importance of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve for biodiversity conservation. Also examine the challenges associated with conserving endemic flora in the Western Ghats.

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) expose the deep inequities in global healthcare governance and vaccine research.
In the light of the recent Bundibugyo ebolavirus outbreak, discuss the challenges in vaccine development for NTDs and examine the measures needed to strengthen global health preparedness.

“Free and fair elections depend not only on the conduct of polling but also on the integrity of electoral rolls.”
In the light of the Supreme Court’s observations on the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls, examine the constitutional powers of the Election Commission under Article 324.

“The Nagoya Protocol strengthens biodiversity governance by linking conservation with equitable benefit-sharing.” Discuss India’s implementation of the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework in light of its First National Report on the Nagoya Protocol. Highlight key achievements and challenges.

“Bond yields are often considered a barometer of macroeconomic expectations and monetary policy.”
In this context, explain the inverse relationship between bond prices and bond yields. Discuss how changes in interest rates and inflation expectations influence the sovereign bond market in India.

“India’s ageing population requires a transition from welfare-based support to a technology-enabled and institutionalized care ecosystem.”

Discuss the significance of the JEEVAN mobile application and the SHATAYU dashboard in strengthening elderly welfare and geriatric care in India. Also examine the challenges in ensuring inclusive elderly care delivery.

“India’s declining birth rate and infant mortality rate reflect an ongoing demographic transition, yet persistent rural-urban disparities continue to challenge inclusive human development.”
In the light of the latest Sample Registration Survey (SRS) 2024 findings, critically examine the trends in India’s demographic indicators and discuss the policy measures needed to address regional and rural-urban inequalities.