Mains Answer Writing - 17 Aug, 2026

GS1

Indian Geography

15 marks

The strengthening El Niño is likely to reshape global weather patterns and intensify climatic extremes. Explain the mechanism of El Niño and examine its implications for the Indian monsoon and economy.

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Tips for your answer

Explain the complete ocean-atmosphere mechanism trade winds, Pacific warming and Walker Circulation before linking El Niño with the Indian monsoon.
Remember ENSO, Niño-3.4 region, Walker Circulation, Bjerknes feedback, Indian Ocean Dipole and NOAA's greater than 90% probability of a very strong El Niño during late 2026.
Do not write that El Niño invariably causes drought in India. Its relationship with the monsoon is strong but probabilistic and can be modified by factors such as the Indian Ocean Dipole.

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