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UPSC Prelims 2019 Analysis

Subject wise MCQ distribution

  • Economy had the highest number of questions (21), with a special focus on the banking sector, making it the most important subject.
  • Environment & Ecology followed with 18 questions, highlighting its significance due to the Forest Service prelims merging with the Civil Services Prelims.
  • Science & Technology was another key area, contributing 15 questions, with a major focus on biotechnology and related current affairs.
  • Indian Polity remained crucial, featuring 13 questions.
  • Modern History had a relatively lower weightage, with only 6 questions.
Prelims 2019
Subject-Wise Weightage in UPSC Prelims 2019

Difficulty analysis

  • Medium Questions (45) formed the largest portion, requiring a blend of static and current knowledge with strong analytical abilities.
  • Hard Questions (31) were conceptually tricky and usually lowered the cutoff. A strategic approach involved eliminating high-risk questions and attempting only those with certainty.
  • Easy Questions (24) were straightforward and should have been attempted with maximum accuracy to gain easy marks.
Prelims 2019
Difficulty-Level Distribution in UPSC Prelims 2019

Variations in Question framing

  • The paper was evenly split between multi-statement and direct questions.
  • Multi-statement questions held a slight majority, making the paper lengthy and increasing the risk of errors, as each statement had to be analyzed carefully.
  • However, multi-statement questions also allowed for option elimination, enabling candidates to answer with limited information.
Prelims 2019
Variations of Questions in UPSC Prelims 2019

Key learning for Future Preparation

  • Prioritize Key Subjects: Allocate more time to Polity, Economy, and Environment, as they consistently have higher weightage.
  • Integrate Current Affairs: Link recent developments with syllabus topics for better retention.
  • Develop Analytical Thinking: Focus on the why behind policies, events, and phenomena, rather than just memorizing facts.
  • Revise Regularly: Reinforce concepts through periodic revisions and multiple mock tests.
  • Master Multi-Statement Questions: Practice elimination techniques to improve accuracy in multi-statement questions.
  • Practice PYQs: Understand important areas from the examiner’s perspective and familiarize yourself with option elimination techniques.
The Prelims 2019 paper balanced factual recall with analytical reasoning, emphasizing Economy, Environment, and Science & Tech. Mastering multi-statement questions, integrating current affairs, and practicing mock tests were key to success.

QUESTION 1

GS

Hard

Art & Culture

Prelims 2019

Consider the following statements:

  1. Saint Nimbarka was a contemporary of Akbar.
  2. Saint Kabir was greatly influenced by Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. Saint Nimbarka lived in the 13th or 14th century, while Akbar's reign was from 1556 to 1605.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Saint Kabir lived in the 15th century, predating Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi who belonged to the 16th-17th century.


QUESTION 2

GS

Medium

Art & Culture

Prelims 2019

Building ‘Kalyaana Mandapas’ was a notable feature in the temple construction in the kingdom of

A. Chalukya

B. Chandela

C. Rashtrakuta

D. Vijayanagara

Explanation

The Vijayanagara style of architecture is characterized by the addition of elaborate 'Kalyana Mandapas' (marriage halls) within the temple complex, intended for the ceremonial marriage of the deity. Other distinct features of this period include the 'Amman Shrine' (for the principal deity's consort), tall 'Raya Gopurams' (gateways), and highly decorated pillars featuring mythical animals like the 'Yali' or charging horses.


QUESTION 3

GS

Medium

Art & Culture

Prelims 2019

Who among the following Mughal Emperors shifted emphasis from illustrated manuscripts to album and individual portrait?

A. Humayun

B. Akbar

C. Jahangir

D. Shah Jahan

Explanation

  • Jahangir (reigned 1605-1627) was known for his keen interest in art and culture. While his predecessors valued illustrated manuscripts, Jahangir favoured a more personal approach to artistic expression.

  • He patronized artists like Bichitr, Mansur, and Abu’l Hasan, who excelled in portraiture.

  • He actively commissioned individual portraits and compiled albums showcasing a variety of subjects, including people, animals, and flora and fauna. This shift reflected a growing interest in realism and individual character studies within Mughal art during his reign.


QUESTION 4

GS

Hard

Art & Culture

Prelims 2019

In which of the following relief sculpture inscriptions is ‘Ranyo Ashoka’ (King Ashoka) mentioned along with the stone portrait of Ashoka?

A. Kanganahalli

B. Sanchi

C. Shahbazgarhi

D. Sohgaura

Explanation

Kanganahalli, located near Sannati in Karnataka, is an archaeological site known for its Buddhist stupas, sculptures, and inscription slabs. One particular relief sculpture depicts a royal figure with attendants, identified through the Brahmi inscription as 'Ranyo Ashoka' (King Ashoka). This is the first and only known stone portrait of Emperor Ashoka with his name inscribed.

  • Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh): Famous for its Great Stupa, built under Ashoka's patronage, but it does not contain an inscribed stone portrait of the king.
  • Shahbazgarhi (Pakistan): Contains Ashokan Rock Edicts written in the Kharosthi script. These edicts promote Dhamma (moral law) but do not include a stone portrait.
  • Sohgaura (Uttar Pradesh): Known for a copper-plate inscription (Mauryan period) regarding famine relief measures, not a relief sculpture of Ashoka.

QUESTION 5

GS

Easy

Art & Culture

Prelims 2019

Consider the following:

  1. Deification of the Buddha
  2. Treading the path of Bodhisattvas
  3. Image worship and rituals

Which of the above is/are the feature/features of Mahayana Buddhism?

A. 1 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are features of Mahayana Buddhism.

Deification of the Buddha: While Theravada Buddhism emphasizes the Buddha as a human who attained enlightenment, Mahayana portrays the Buddha as a transcendent being who can exist in multiple forms.

Treading the path of Bodhisattvas Mahayana: Buddhism emphasizes the Bodhisattva ideal, where individuals strive for enlightenment not just for themselves but for the benefit of all sentient beings.

Image worship and rituals: Mahayana Buddhism incorporates elaborate rituals and devotional practices involving statues and images of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas. These practices are seen as a way to connect with the divine and progress on the path to enlightenment.

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