Subject: World Geography

The United Nations' declaration of 2016 as International Year of Pulses (IYP) highlighted the multifaceted advantages of pulse cultivation, ranging from nutritional security to environmental sustainability. According to FAO, global pulse production increased significantly from 44.9 million tons (1981-83) to 72.3 million tons (2011-13), demonstrating their growing importance.

Nutritional Benefits

• Pulses are rich in plant-based proteins, essential minerals (iron, zinc, calcium) and vitamins (B1, B3, B6, B10, E), making them crucial for addressing malnutrition.
• Their low glycemic index and fat content make them suitable for managing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
• They serve as an affordable source of protein, particularly important for developing nations and vegetarian populations.

Economic Advantages

• India, being the world's largest pulse producer, contributes 34% of area and 24% of production globally.
• Pulses provide income opportunities for small and marginal farmers due to their relatively low input requirements.
• They have significant export potential, with major importers including USA, Canada, and UK.

Environmental Benefits

• Pulses are natural nitrogen fixers, improving soil fertility and reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers.
• Their cultivation promotes biodiversity and helps in sustainable agriculture practices.
• They have a lower carbon footprint compared to other protein sources.

Food Security and Sustainability

• Pulses can be stored for long periods without losing nutritional value.
• They require less water compared to other crops, making them suitable for drought-prone areas.
• Their cultivation supports crop diversification and sustainable farming systems.

The International Year of Pulses (IYP) through UN resolution A/RES/68/231, implemented by FAO, has successfully highlighted these multifaceted benefits, leading to increased global awareness and adoption of pulse cultivation. The initiative has contributed to achieving SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), making pulses a crucial component of sustainable agriculture and food security.