Yemen and South Sudan faced severe humanitarian crises and famine conditions around 2017-2018 due to prolonged armed conflicts. In Yemen, the Saudi-led military intervention against Houthi rebels, coupled with air and naval blockades, severely restricted the import of food and medicine, leading to widespread starvation. In South Sudan, a civil war that began in 2013 between government and opposition forces displaced millions and disrupted agricultural production, resulting in the United Nations formally declaring a famine in parts of the country in early 2017.

The correctly matched pairs are:

1. Catalonia — Spain: Catalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain. It is frequently in the news due to its distinct cultural identity and the regional independence movement.
2. Mindanao — Philippines: Mindanao is the second-largest island in the Philippines. It has been in the news primarily due to the Bangsamoro peace process and internal security matters.

Incorrectly matched pairs:

• Crimea: This is a peninsula located on the northern coast of the Black Sea. While internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, it was annexed by Russia in 2014. It has no geographical connection to Hungary.
• Oromia: This is the largest regional state in Ethiopia, not Nigeria. It is the homeland of the Oromo people, the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia.

The 'Additional Protocol' is a legal document that grants the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) expanded rights of access to information and locations in a state to ensure that nuclear materials are used for peaceful purposes.

• Option A is correct: By ratifying the Additional Protocol, India committed to placing its civilian nuclear facilities under IAEA safeguards. This allows the IAEA to verify that nuclear material in these specific facilities is not diverted for military use.
• Option B is incorrect: India maintains a separation between its civilian and military nuclear programs. The Additional Protocol applies only to civilian facilities; military installations remain outside the scope of IAEA inspections.
• Options C and D are incorrect: While the ratification of the Additional Protocol was a significant step in India's integration into the global nuclear order (following the Indo-US nuclear deal), it does not automatically grant membership to the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) or provide an automatic privilege to buy uranium. Membership in the NSG requires a separate consensus-based admission process.

India signed the Additional Protocol in 2009, and it officially entered into force on July 25, 2014.

Aleppo is a city in Syria , serving as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Syrian governorate.

Kirkuk is a city in Iraq , serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate, located 238 kilometres north of Baghdad.

Mosul is a major city in northern Iraq situated on the west bank of the Tigris, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank.

Mazar-e Sharif, the city is in Afghanistan , 35 miles south of the border with Uzbekistan. Hence, B is the correct option.

The Two-State Solution is used in the context of the Israel-Palestine issue.

It envisages an independent State of Palestine alongside the State of Israel west of the Jordan River.

Two State Solution

ASEAN has established Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with six specific 'Dialogue Partners': China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand.

Statement 1 is Correct: Australia is a free-trade partner of ASEAN through the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA).

Statement 2 is Incorrect: Canada is a Dialogue Partner of ASEAN but does not have a formal Free Trade Agreement with the bloc.

Statement 3 is Correct: China is a free-trade partner of ASEAN through the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA).

Statement 4 is Correct: India is a free-trade partner of ASEAN through the ASEAN-India Free Trade Area (AIFTA).

Statement 5 is Correct: Japan is a free-trade partner of ASEAN through the ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP).

Statement 6 is Incorrect: The USA has been a Dialogue Partner of ASEAN since 1977, but it does not have a Free Trade Agreement with the ASEAN bloc.

Statement 1 (access to latest nuclear technology) is correct. This is a consequence of NSG membership. NSG members can trade nuclear materials, equipment, and technology for peaceful purposes. This access can be crucial for a country's nuclear energy program or medical isotope production.

Statement 2 (automatic NPT membership) is incorrect. Becoming an NSG member doesn't automatically qualify a country for NPT membership. NPT is a separate treaty focusing on nuclear non-proliferation, and membership has different requirements.

The correct answer is 1 only.