How do you understand disability? Substantiate the need for inclusive policy framework in India in this regard.

GS 1

Indian Society

2026

10 Marks

Disability is an evolving concept resulting from the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal/environmental barriers. The RPwD Act, 2016 marks a paradigm shift from a medical model to a rights-based model, recognizing 21 types of disabilities.

Inclusive Policy Framework for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities

Understanding Disability

Bio-Psycho-Social Interaction: It is not merely a medical condition but a lack of fit between the person and society.
Legal Dimension: Defined under Section 2(s) of RPwD Act 2016 as long-term physical, mental, or sensory impairments.
Rights-Based Approach: Aligned with UNCRPD, treating PwDs as active citizens rather than objects of charity.

Need for Inclusive Policy Framework in India

Economic Integration: Improving labor force participation; only 36% of PwDs are currently employed (PLFS 2022-23).
Universal Accessibility: Building barrier-free environments under the Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan.
Educational Equity: Ensuring Reasonable Accommodation in schools to curb high dropout rates among PwD children.
Digital Divide: Mandating screen-reader-friendly government portals for inclusive e-Governance.
Healthcare Access: Providing specialized services and affordable assistive devices through the ADIP Scheme.
Social Protection: Implementing uniform disability pensions and insurance like the Swavlamban Health Insurance.
Empirical Planning: Bridging data gaps through the UDID (Unique Disability ID) project for targeted intervention.
Political Participation: Making polling booths accessible to ensure "No Voter is Left Behind."
Stigma Reduction: Sensitizing society to replace "pity" with "empowerment" through community-based rehabilitation.
Human Dignity: Upholding Article 21 by ensuring a life of dignity for 2.68 crore Divyangjan (Census 2011).

Fulfilling the mandate of SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) requires a holistic shift towards Universal Design, ensuring that the vision of Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas is truly inclusive of all abilities.

Answer Length

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