Subject: Indian Geography

India's 7,516 km long coastline, encompassing nine states and four union territories, presents immense economic opportunities while also posing significant challenges in terms of natural hazards and disaster preparedness.

Resource Potential of Indian Coastline

Economic Resources:

• The Blue Economy contributes approximately 4% to India's GDP through maritime trade, fishing, and coastal tourism.
• Marine Fisheries sector employs around 28 million people directly and indirectly, showcasing its socio-economic significance.
• Maritime Trade handles 95% of India's trade volume, highlighting the crucial role of ports in international commerce.
• Coastal Tourism generates substantial revenue through destinations like Kerala's backwaters and Goa's beaches.

Natural Resources:

• Rich marine biodiversity supporting aquaculture and pharmaceutical industries.
• Presence of offshore oil and gas reserves in regions like Mumbai High and Krishna-Godavari Basin.
• Potential for renewable energy through tidal and wave power generation.

Natural Hazard Preparedness Status

Institutional Framework:

• Implementation of Coastal Zone Management Plans (CZMP) to regulate development activities.
• Allocation of ₹1,500 crore by 15th Finance Commission (2021-26) for coastal erosion mitigation under NDMF.
• Additional ₹1,000 crore under NDRF for rehabilitation of displaced coastal communities.

Challenges:

• Poor compliance with environmental clearances for coastal projects.
• Inadequate implementation of CZMPs, with states like Goa lagging in meeting deadlines.
• Unauthorized project approvals by coastal authorities, as seen in Tamil Nadu.

The immense potential of India's coastline can be harnessed through sustainable development while ensuring robust disaster preparedness through initiatives like the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project and Integrated Coastal Zone Management. The focus should be on balancing economic growth with environmental protection and community resilience.