Subject: Internal Security

India's maritime security faces multifaceted challenges due to its strategic location along vital sea lanes and a coastline spanning 7,516 kilometers. The country's response through institutional frameworks and technological advancement showcases its commitment to securing maritime interests.

Maritime Security Challenges

• Piracy and Armed Robbery: Recent data shows 115 pirates and 14 boats were apprehended by Indian Coast Guard in 2025, highlighting persistent threats in the Indian Ocean Region.

• Illegal Activities: The rise in drug trafficking, illegal fishing, and human trafficking poses significant challenges, leading to the arrest of 1,683 individuals and seizure of 179 boats in the past decade.

• Terrorist Infiltration: Post 26/11 Mumbai attacks, coastal security vulnerabilities remain a critical concern requiring constant vigilance.

• Maritime Border Disputes: Unresolved boundaries with neighboring countries create security challenges in maintaining territorial integrity.

Organizational Initiatives

• Three-Tier Security Architecture: Implementation of coordinated security through:

  • Indian Navy: Deep sea surveillance
  • Indian Coast Guard: Intermediate waters
  • Marine Police: Coastal waters and shore security

• Budget Enhancement: Allocation of ₹7,651.80 crore for 2024-25, marking a 6.31% increase to strengthen maritime security infrastructure.

Technical Advancements

• Advanced Surveillance Systems:

  • Implementation of satellite-based monitoring for detecting illegal activities
  • Deployment of AI-powered systems for 24/7 surveillance of high-risk areas
  • Integration of maritime domain awareness platforms

• Fleet Modernization:

  • Current strength of 151 ships and 76 aircraft
  • Planned expansion to 200 surface platforms and 100 aircraft by 2030

Procedural Measures

• Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):

  • Enhanced coordination between maritime agencies
  • Regular joint exercises and patrols
  • Strengthened information sharing mechanisms

• International Cooperation:

  • Bilateral and multilateral naval exercises
  • Information sharing agreements with neighboring countries
  • Participation in regional maritime security initiatives

The evolving maritime security landscape requires continuous adaptation and enhancement of capabilities. India's comprehensive approach through "SAGAR" (Security and Growth for All in the Region) doctrine and implementation of advanced technologies demonstrates its commitment to ensuring maritime security and regional stability.