Subject: Internal Security

India's battle against Left Wing Extremism (LWE) represents a complex challenge that interweaves socio-economic disparities, developmental gaps, and security concerns. The reduction of Naxal-affected districts from 126 in 2013 to 18 in 2025 demonstrates the effectiveness of India's multi-pronged strategy, yet the persistence of the issue demands continued attention.

Emerging Issues

Socio-Economic Challenges:

• Tribal Displacement: Continuous displacement due to mining and infrastructure projects leading to alienation and grievances.
• Digital Divide: Limited access to technology and communication infrastructure in affected regions hampering development.
• Unemployment: Lack of sustainable livelihood opportunities making youth vulnerable to Naxal recruitment.

Security Challenges:

• Evolving Tactics: Naxals adapting to new technologies and using sophisticated weapons.
• Inter-state Coordination: Complex challenges in coordinating operations across state boundaries.
• Urban Networks: Growing expansion of Naxal ideology and support systems in urban areas.

Multilayered Strategy

Security Measures:

• Enhanced allocation of Rs 3,481.27 crore under Security Related Expenditure (SRE) for 2025-26.
• Strengthening intelligence networks and modernizing police forces.
• Implementation of integrated command and control centers in affected regions.

Development Initiatives:

• Implementation of Backward Districts Initiative (BDI) in 83 affected districts.
• Focus on infrastructure development through Special Infrastructure Schemes.
• Emphasis on skill development and employment generation programs.

Social Integration:

• Community Policing initiatives to build trust between security forces and locals.
• Implementation of Forest Rights Act to address tribal concerns.
• Educational initiatives focusing on youth empowerment and skill development.

Administrative Reforms:

• Strengthening local governance through Panchayati Raj Institutions.
• Ensuring effective implementation of social welfare schemes.
• Improving coordination between central and state agencies.

The comprehensive approach to tackling Naxalism must combine robust security measures with inclusive development initiatives. The success in reducing affected districts from 38 in 2024 to 18 in 2025 shows promise, but achieving the government's goal of eliminating Naxalism by March 2026 requires sustained commitment to this multilayered strategy.