Ethical traits are the moral compass guiding civil servants' actions, ensuring effective and just governance. This answer identifies five key traits and justifies their inclusion in evaluating a civil servant's performance.

Integrity and Honesty

Integrity, as highlighted by Aristotle's virtue ethics, forms the bedrock of public service, demanding honesty and unwavering moral principles.

• Moral Strength: Upholding ethical principles even under pressure.
  • Example: Ashok Khemka, despite facing transfers, maintained his stance against corrupt land deals.
• Truthfulness: Being truthful in word and deed.
  • Example: The Central Vigilance Commission promoting transparency and accountability in government functioning.
• Impartiality: Avoiding bias and favoritism in decision-making.
  • Example: Justice K. Chandru, known for his impartial judgments and social justice advocacy.

Accountability

Accountability ensures responsible use of public resources and power, aligning with Locke's concept of social contract.

• Transparency: Openness in decision-making processes.
  • Example: The Right to Information Act, 2005 empowers citizens to access government information.
• Responsibility: Taking ownership of actions and their consequences.
  • Example: T.N. Seshan, as Chief Election Commissioner, implemented electoral reforms and enforced accountability.
• Answerability: Being subject to scrutiny and redressal mechanisms.
  • Example: The institution of Lokayukta investigates complaints against public officials.

Compassion and Empathy

Compassion, central to Buddhist ethics, fosters a public service oriented towards citizen welfare.

• Sensitivity: Understanding and responding to citizens' needs.
  • Example: The Kerala government's compassionate approach during the 2018 floods.
• Empathy: Sharing and understanding the feelings of others.
  • Example: Armstrong Pame, an IAS officer, built a 100km road in Manipur with public participation.
• Kindness: Demonstrating care and concern for citizens.
  • Example: The National Food Security Act, 2013 aims to provide subsidized food grains to vulnerable populations.

Ethical conduct enhances public trust, ensures efficient governance, and promotes a just society. By upholding these values, civil servants can effectively fulfill their duties and contribute to national development.