Q.18 Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your answer.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Globalisation refers to the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, primarily in terms of trade, culture, and communication. Its impact on Indian society has been profound, influencing various aspects of life, including the economy, culture, and social structures. The relationship between globalisation and the Indian economy is characterised by increased foreign investments, technological advancements, and a more integrated market. India, being one of the fastest-growing economies, has embraced globalisation, leading to significant economic growth and development.

Body

India is known for its rich diversity and pluralism, encompassing various languages, religions, cultures, and traditions. This diversity is a cornerstone of Indian identity and social fabric.

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Threats posed by globalisation to diversity and pluralism in India:

• Cultural Homogenization: Globalisation often leads to the dominance of Western culture, which can overshadow local traditions and customs. For instance, the widespread popularity of Western fast food chains has impacted traditional Indian culinary practices.
• Westernisation: The influence of Western lifestyles and values can lead to the erosion of indigenous cultures. For example, the preference for Western attire over traditional Indian clothing is becoming more common among the youth.
• Threat to Traditional Knowledge Systems: Globalisation can undermine traditional knowledge and practices. The decline in the use of traditional medicine in favour of Western pharmaceuticals is a case in point.
• Economic Disparities: Globalisation can exacerbate economic inequalities, leading to social tensions and undermining the pluralistic ethos. The rural-urban divide in India is a manifestation of this issue.
• Loss of Linguistic Diversity: The dominance of English as a global language can threaten regional languages and dialects. Reports indicate a decline in the use of several indigenous languages in India.

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Positive and inclusive aspects of globalisation for diversity and pluralism:

• Cultural Fusion: Globalisation facilitates the exchange of cultural ideas, leading to a richer and more diverse cultural landscape. The popularity of Indian festivals like Diwali and Holi worldwide is an example.
• Global Recognition of Indian Culture: Indian art, music, and cinema have gained international acclaim, promoting cultural pride and diversity. The global success of Bollywood films is a testament to this.
• Economic Opportunities: Globalisation has created economic opportunities that can uplift marginalised communities, promoting social inclusion. The IT boom in India has provided jobs to millions, including those from diverse backgrounds.
• Access to Knowledge and Technology: Globalisation has made it easier to access global knowledge and technology, which can be used to preserve and promote traditional practices. Digital platforms are being used to document and share traditional crafts and folklore.
• Enhanced Social Mobility: Increased global interactions have led to greater social mobility, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to achieve success on a global stage. Indian professionals excelling in multinational corporations is a notable example.

Conclusion

The relationship between globalisation and pluralism in India is complex, with both positive and negative aspects. To ensure that only the positive aspects of globalisation affect India, a balanced approach is necessary. The role of society, government, and educational institutions is crucial in preserving cultural heritage while embracing global advancements. India, as a land of opportunities, is becoming a global hub where various cultures blend harmoniously, showcasing the strength of its diversity and pluralism.

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