Q10. How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes?

Model Answer:

Introduction

The sex ratio, defined as the number of females per 1,000 males, varies significantly across different social groups in India. Statistics reveal that the sex ratio in tribal communities is more favorable to women compared to Scheduled Castes (SC). This difference can be attributed to several socio-cultural and economic factors.

Body

Reasons for Higher Sex Ratio Among Tribes:

• Cultural Egalitarianism: Tribal societies tend to be more egalitarian, with women playing vital roles in economic activities and decision-making. Gender discrimination and son preference, prevalent in many parts of India, are relatively less pronounced among tribes.
• Matrilineal Traditions: Some tribal communities, especially in northeastern India, follow matrilineal systems, where lineage and inheritance pass through women, which fosters greater respect and equality for women.
• Lower Access to Sex-selective Technologies: Tribes, often residing in remote or rural areas, have limited access to modern medical facilities, including sex-selective technologies like ultrasound. This reduces the likelihood of sex-selective abortions, resulting in a more balanced sex ratio.
• Economic Contribution of Women: In tribal communities, women are actively involved in agriculture, household work, and other economic activities, making them highly valued within their families and communities.

Reasons for Lower Sex Ratio Among Scheduled Castes:

• Son Preference: Scheduled Castes, like other sections of Indian society, often exhibit a strong preference for male children due to socio-cultural norms, inheritance practices, and economic considerations.
• Urbanization and Modernization: SC communities, especially in urban areas, have better access to sex-selective technologies, contributing to the practice of female foeticide, resulting in a lower sex ratio.
• Economic Insecurity: Poverty and economic challenges among SC communities may lead to a preference for male children, seen as future breadwinners, further skewing the sex ratio.

Conclusion

‍The more favourable sex ratio in tribal communities can be attributed to their relatively egalitarian gender norms, economic value of women, and lack of access to sex-selective practices. In contrast, Scheduled Castes are influenced by socio-economic factors, including son preference and urbanisation, which contribute to a lower sex ratio. Promoting gender equality and addressing discriminatory practices are essential for improving the sex ratio in all communities.

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