Q12. Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for women? Give your arguments.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Despite rapid economic growth and urbanization, several prosperous regions in India face alarming adverse sex ratios. This paradox raises questions about the interplay between socioeconomic development and entrenched cultural attitudes that perpetuate gender discrimination.

Body

Why prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio 

1. Cultural Norms and Patriarchy: In many affluent regions, traditional patriarchal values persist, prioritizing male offspring. Families often perceive sons as economic assets, responsible for carrying the family name and lineage, while daughters are seen as financial burdens due to dowry practices.
2. Economic Factors: Wealthier families often have the means to access sex-selective technologies, such as ultrasound, leading to sex-selective abortions. The ability to invest in such services is more pronounced in prosperous areas, exacerbating gender imbalances.
3. Educational Disparities: While education levels have risen in prosperous regions, they do not always translate into progressive attitudes toward gender. Educated individuals may still cling to traditional beliefs about gender roles, resulting in a paradox where knowledge does not lead to gender equity.
4. Social Pressure and Competition: In competitive, affluent societies, the pressure to have sons can intensify. Families may feel compelled to conform to societal expectations, resulting in increased gender-based discrimination and a skewed sex ratio.
5. Migration Patterns: In economically prosperous areas, high migration rates can alter the gender ratio. Male migrants may outnumber females in urban centres, leading to an unbalanced sex ratio in some prosperous regions. 
6. Urbanization and Changing Family Structures: Rapid urbanization can lead to changes in family structures, including smaller family sizes. In such environments, families may feel increased pressure to ensure their limited offspring are male, further contributing to sex-selective practices. The desire for economic stability can overshadow the imperative for gender equality, resulting in persistent adverse sex ratios.

Conclusion:

The adverse sex ratio in India’s affluent regions underscores the need for a multifaceted approach to combat gender bias. Addressing deep-rooted cultural attitudes, improving enforcement of protective policies, and fostering gender equity through education are essential for achieving sustainable development.

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