India's updated NDCs in 2022 reflect enhanced climate ambition, building upon commitments made at COP26 Glasgow. These demonstrate India's leadership in global climate action while balancing developmental priorities.

India's Climate Commitments under Paris Agreement (2015)

Original NDC Targets:

• Reduce emissions intensity by 33-35% (from 2005 levels) by 2030 → aligned with CBDR principle.
• Achieve 40% cumulative electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel by 2030 → already achieved in 2021, 9 years early.
• Create additional carbon sink of 2.5-3 billion tonnes CO2 equivalent through afforestation and tree cover.
• Mobilize international climate finance ($2.5 trillion needed) for mitigation & adaptation.

Key Initiatives Launched:

• National Solar Mission targeting 100 GW solar capacity, India now has 70+ GW installed (2023).
• National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) with 8 missions
• International Solar Alliance (ISA) co-founded with France.
• Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme reduced 92 Mtoe energy consumption, saving ₹9,500 crores.

Strengthened Commitments at COP26 (2021)

Panchamrit Strategy Announced:

• Achieve Net-Zero emissions by 2070 (India = only G20 country to link net-zero with development justice).
• Increase non-fossil fuel electricity capacity to 500 GW by 2030
• Meet 50% electricity requirements from renewable sources by 2030
• Reduce emissions intensity by 45% by 2030 (enhanced from 35%)
• Reduce 1 billion tonnes CO2 emissions by 2030.

Additional Commitments:

• Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) leadership -> global hub on climate adaptation.
• Green Hydrogen Mission with $2.4 billion investment.
• LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) movement promotion, behavioural change model, endorsed by UN.

Updated Nationally Determined Contributions (2022)

Enhanced Quantitative Targets:

Key Sectoral Updates:

• Transport sector: 30% EV penetration target under National Electric Mobility Mission; FAME II subsidies.
• Industrial sector: Enhanced PAT scheme covering additional sectors
• Agriculture: Climate-resilient practices through National Adaptation Fund
• Urban sector: Smart Cities Mission incorporating climate considerations
• Forestry: Increased forest cover from 21% to 33% of total land area

Implementation Mechanisms:

• Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes for solar PV and battery manufacturing
• Green Climate Fund access for $2.5 billion
• National Clean Air Programme targeting 20-30% pollution reduction
• Swachh Bharat Mission contributing to methane emission reduction

India's climate trajectory from Paris to COP26 showcases proactive leadership, with the country already achieving several targets ahead of schedule. The LiFE movement and enhanced NDCs position India as a responsible global climate actor.