The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019 transformed the state into a Union Territory with legislature, creating a unique constitutional entity following Article 370's abrogation.This marked a fundamental change in the political and constitutional status of the region.

Nature of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly

Constitutional Status:

• Like Puducherry, J&K’s Assembly is governed by Article 239A, while Delhi operates under a distinct Article 239AA with a more complex power-sharing framework between the LG and the government.
• Operates under the direct supervision of the Lieutenant Governor appointed by the President
• Follows unicameral structure, unlike the earlier bicameral system of the erstwhile state
• Subject to Parliamentary oversight through Union Home Ministry
• Governed by specific provisions of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019

Powers and Functions of the Assembly

Legislative Powers:

• Authority to make laws on State List subjects except public order, police, and land revenue
• Can legislate on Concurrent List matters subject to Parliamentary supremacy
• Limited jurisdiction over All India Services and anti-terrorism operations
• Power to amend existing J&K laws in conformity with Union legislation
• Cannot override central laws on reserved subjects

Financial Powers:

• Discusses and approves annual budget with Lieutenant Governor's concurrence
• Requires prior recommendation of Lieutenant Governor for money bills
• Establishes Consolidated Fund for the Union Territory
• No borrowing powers without central government approval
• Controls expenditure through budgetary allocations (₹1.08 lakh crore in 2024-25)

Executive Functions:

• Question Hour and discussions to ensure government accountability
• Formation of Parliamentary committees for administrative oversight
• Power to pass resolutions on matters of public importance
• No confidence motions against the Council of Ministers
• Approval of Lieutenant Governor's reports to the President

The transformed Assembly represents a hybrid federal structure, balancing regional democratic participation with enhanced central oversight, ensuring integration while maintaining local representation through institutions like District Development Councils and Panchayati Raj