Ethical governance requires both rules-based compliance and values-based judgment. While India has a Code of Conduct (The All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968) it lacks a formal Code of Ethics that defines the moral compass of civil servants. This gap can lead to technically correct but morally inappropriate decisions.

Significance of Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics in Public Administration

• Promote Ethical Governance: Both frameworks help institutionalize values such as honesty, fairness, and justice, ensuring that public servants act in alignment with public interest rather than personal gain.

• Strengthen Accountability and Transparency: While the Code of Conduct enables legal accountability through enforceable rules, the Code of Ethics fosters moral responsibility, encouraging openness and answerability even in rule-free grey areas.

• Guide Decision-Making in Ethical Dilemmas: In complex situations where laws may be silent or ambiguous, the Code of Ethics serves as a moral compass, helping civil servants choose the path that upholds justice and humanity.

• Enhance Public Trust in Institutions: When administrators demonstrate integrity and ethical behavior, it builds citizen confidence in the fairness and credibility of public institutions, which is vital for democratic legitimacy.

• Support Consistency and Professionalism in Conduct: A well-defined code ensures that all public servants adhere to uniform standards, thereby reducing arbitrariness and fostering a professional work culture driven by both compliance and conscience.

Need for a Code of Ethics in India

• To guide moral judgment in situations where rules fall silent.

• To strengthen institutional integrity and public trust.

• To align day-to-day decisions with constitutional values.

• To foster a culture of ethical leadership beyond rule compliance.

A Model for Code of Ethics to enhance Integrity, Probity and Transparency

• Clear articulation of values: Defining core values like integrity, Probity, and Transparency.

  • Example: The Nolan Principles provide a framework for ethical conduct in the UK.

• Whistleblower protection: Establishing secure channels for reporting misconduct without fear of reprisal.

  • Example: The Whistleblower Protection Act, 2013 in India safeguards whistleblowers against victimization.

• Robust Grievance Redressal Mechansims: To ensure a responsive and timely dispensation of administrative services.

• Legal backing to Code: It would enhance its effectiveness by ensuring compliance through legal consequences for violations.

• Independent oversight: Creating an independent body to investigate ethical violations.

  • Example: An Independent commission in-line with CVC.

• Public engagement and Regular review of code of ethics for updating the code and ensuring Transparency during the process.

A robust Code of Ethics is essential for nurturing an ethical culture within public service. It complements the Code of Conduct by helping officers do what is right, not just what is legal. In an era of increasing public scrutiny, such a code is vital to ensure that governance remains transparent, fair, and citizen-centric.