Emotional intelligence (EQ) refers to a set of skills related to understanding and managing emotions.

EQ plays a critical role in shaping an individual’s success, character, happiness, and long-term achievements, often more so than conventional intelligence quotient (IQ).

While IQ may help a person get into a good college or understand complex theories, EQ determines how they manage themselves, their relationships, and real-life challenges.

Limitations of IQ as a Sole Measure of Success

Intelligence Quotient: While IQ, representing cognitive abilities like logical reasoning and problem-solving, is undoubtedly important, relying solely on it presents limitations.

• High IQ doesn't guarantee effective leadership:

  Example: Numerous studies have shown that leaders with high EQ outperform those with high IQ in creating positive work environments and achieving organizational goals.

• IQ alone cannot ensure fulfilling relationships:

  Example: Research on marital satisfaction highlights the importance of emotional connection and communication, skills rooted in EQ.

• IQ may not lead to happiness or life satisfaction:

  Example: The World Happiness Report consistently shows that factors like social support and generosity, linked to EQ, are stronger predictors of happiness than national IQ scores.

• High IQ without EQ may lead to arrogance, poor teamwork, or emotional burnout.

• IQ not a measure of other skills: People with high cognitive ability but low empathy may lack the skills to motivate others, listen, or adjust in emotionally complex situations.

Significance of EQ

• Better Decision-Making Under Pressure: People with high EQ can regulate their emotions and stay calm during crises. This allows for clear thinking and rational decision-making.

  Example: During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare administrators and IAS officers like Rajesh Bhushan (Health Secretary) demonstrated calmness, resilience, and empathy while coordinating relief efforts, despite overwhelming stress.

• Leadership and Teamwork: High EQ enables better communication, conflict resolution, and understanding of others’ perspectives—key traits for leadership and collaboration.

  Example: Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft, revived the company’s culture by focusing on empathy and emotional sensitivity, transforming Microsoft into one of the most employee-friendly global companies.

• Mental Health and Personal Well-being: EQ is essential for self-awareness, self-regulation, and coping with stress, all of which are foundational to happiness and mental well-being.

  Example: Officers like IAS Armstrong Pame (the “Miracle Man”) have shown how self-motivation, empathy, and mindfulness contribute to their personal growth and social impact.

• Maintaining Ethics: EQ contributes to moral courage and ethical decision-making, especially when personal/professional pressures mount.

  Example: Ashok Khemka (IAS) has faced multiple transfers for taking a stand against corruption. His emotional resilience and moral clarity have enabled him to continue serving honestly, despite systemic challenges.

• Stronger Relationships and Social Harmony: Emotionally intelligent individuals foster healthy personal and professional relationships, reducing friction, misunderstandings, and conflicts.

While IQ may help you clear competitive exams or devise effective strategies, EQ determines how you apply knowledge ethically, lead with empathy, and inspire trust.

In the Indian context — characterized by diversity, emotional complexity, and social inequity — EQ is not just a complement to IQ, but a necessity for effective, ethical, and inclusive governance.