Moral intuition and moral reasoning are distinct yet interconnected processes guiding ethical decision-making. They often interplay, shaping our judgments and actions in morally complex situations. This essay will differentiate between the two using various parameters.

Defining Moral Intuition and Reasoning

Moral intuition, akin to a gut feeling, is an immediate, pre-reflective judgment about right and wrong. It's often emotionally charged and based on ingrained values. Conversely, moral reasoning is a conscious, deliberative process employing logic and evidence to reach ethical conclusions. It involves analyzing principles, considering consequences, and justifying choices. Deontological ethics, as espoused by Immanuel Kant, emphasizes the importance of reason and duty in ethical decision-making.

Moral Intuition: A spontaneous judgment without conscious reasoning.

• Example: Instinctively helping someone who has fallen, without stopping to think.

Moral Reasoning: A conscious and deliberate thought process.

• Example: Weighing the pros and cons of different policy options before making a decision, like India's deliberation on net neutrality regulations.

Speed and Process of Ethical Judgments

Moral intuition is rapid and automatic, while moral reasoning is slower and more methodical. Intuition provides quick assessments, whereas reasoning allows for nuanced evaluations. This aligns with the concept of "System 1" and "System 2" thinking proposed by Daniel Kahneman, where System 1 is fast and intuitive, and System 2 is slow and deliberative.

Moral Intuition: Quick, automatic responses.

• Example: A doctor immediately starting CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest.

Moral Reasoning: Slower, more deliberate process.

• Example: The Supreme Court of India's judgment on Section 377, involving extensive legal and ethical considerations.

In conclusion, both moral intuition and moral reasoning are crucial for ethical decision-making. While intuition provides immediate guidance, reasoning ensures well-considered judgments, particularly in complex situations. A balanced approach, integrating both, is essential for ethical governance and policy-making in India.