Subject: International Relations

India's evolving role in global politics marks a significant shift from its traditional position as a champion of developing nations to becoming a pragmatic player in the emerging multipolar world order.

Factors Contributing to Changed Global Image

• Strategic Autonomy: India's recent abstention on UN General Assembly resolutions regarding Russia-Ukraine conflict demonstrates its independent foreign policy stance, moving away from automatic alignment with developing nations.

• Economic Diplomacy:

  • Signing of 16 Free Trade Agreements with various nations including EFTA bloc, Japan, and Australia shows India's focus on economic interests over ideological solidarity.
  • The BIMSTEC Summit's 21-point cooperation plan highlights India's shift towards regional economic leadership rather than political advocacy.

Impact on Traditional Leadership Role

• Non-Aligned Movement:

  • India's decreased emphasis on NAM principles reflects its adaptation to contemporary geopolitical realities.
  • Focus has shifted from third-world solidarity to strategic partnerships with major powers.

• Global South Leadership:

  • While maintaining connections with developing nations, India's approach has become more transactional than ideological.
  • The BIMSTEC Chamber of Commerce initiative shows preference for economic cooperation over political solidarity.

New Dimensions of Global Engagement

• Multi-alignment Strategy:

  • Balanced relationships with US, China, and Russia showcase India's pragmatic approach.
  • Priority to national interests over historical allegiances.

• Economic Power Projection:

  • Focus on digital public infrastructure and local currency trade arrangements indicates India's techno-economic leadership aspirations.
  • Emphasis on business summits and trade facilitation over traditional development assistance.

India's transformation from a leader of the marginalized to a rising global power reflects its growing economic capabilities and strategic interests. While this shift might appear as a departure from its historical role, it represents a natural evolution in India's foreign policy aligned with its current global aspirations and responsibilities. The challenge lies in balancing new partnerships while maintaining meaningful engagement with traditional allies in the Global South.