Subject: Economy/Agriculture

India's development trajectory has been significantly shaped by the pioneering contributions of two visionaries - Sir M. Visvesvaraya in water engineering and Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, known as the "Father of Indian Green Revolution", who revolutionized agricultural practices and food security.

Contributions of Sir M. Visvesvaraya

• Innovative Water Management:

  • Designed the Block System of Irrigation in Deccan Canals to regulate water flow efficiently.
  • Implemented the Krishna Raja Sagara Dam in Mysore, which became a model for integrated water resource management.

• Flood Prevention Systems:

  • Developed the automatic flood gates patented design that prevented flood damage.
  • Pioneered flood protection measures for Hyderabad city through sophisticated drainage systems.

• Industrial Development:

  • Established the Government Engineering College in Bangalore (now UVCE).
  • Promoted industrialization through the establishment of Mysore State Railway and Mysore Iron Works.

Dr. M.S. Swaminathan's Contributions

• Green Revolution Pioneer:

  • Spearheaded the introduction of high-yielding wheat varieties that transformed India from food-deficient to food-surplus nation.
  • Agricultural productivity increased from 50 million tonnes in 1950-51 to an impressive 2,070 kg/hectare by 2014-15.

• Research and Innovation:

  • Established the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) promoting sustainable agriculture.
  • Developed the concept of "Evergreen Revolution" focusing on environmentally sustainable productivity increase.

• Policy Contributions:

  • Formulated the National Policy for Farmers in 2007.
  • Advocated for Women in Agriculture, recognizing their crucial role in farming.

Impact on Modern India

• Water Security:

  • Sir Visvesvaraya's designs continue to influence modern irrigation projects.
  • His principles are incorporated in National Water Policy.

• Agricultural Transformation:

  • Agriculture's contribution to GDP evolved from 53% in 1951 to 16% in 2024, reflecting economic diversification.
  • 46% of population still depends on agriculture, highlighting its continued importance.

India's journey from a food-deficient nation to an agricultural powerhouse stands testament to these visionaries' contributions. Their legacy continues through institutions like ICAR and National Water Development Agency, driving India's progress toward sustainable development and food security.