Subject: Internal Security

The Myanmar coup of 2021 has significantly altered the security dynamics along the India-Myanmar border, presenting multifaceted challenges that require a comprehensive security approach.

Major Security Challenges

1. Insurgency and Cross-Border Movement:

• Increased activities of insurgent groups using the porous border for safe havens and training camps.
• Exploitation of the Free Movement Regime (FMR) by militant groups for illegal cross-border operations.
• Complex terrain and dense forest cover providing natural hideouts for insurgents.

2. Arms Trafficking and Organized Crime:

• Recent seizures (2023-25) of sophisticated weapons including pistols, mortar tubes, and grenades by security forces.
• Emergence of new smuggling routes and techniques challenging border security mechanisms.
• Nexus between local criminal networks and international arms dealers.

3. Refugee Crisis and Immigration:

• Influx of refugees post-Myanmar coup creating demographic pressures.
• Challenges in distinguishing between genuine refugees and illegal immigrants.
• Strain on local resources and social infrastructure in border states.

Counter Measures and Strategic Response

1. Infrastructure Development:

• Implementation of ₹31,000 crore border fencing project covering 1,643km of the India-Myanmar border.
• Construction of 64 strategic roads to enhance mobility of security forces.
• Deployment of indigenous anti-cut, anti-climb technology for enhanced border protection.

2. Security Cooperation:

• Strengthening of bilateral defense cooperation through MOUs and joint military exercises.
• Enhanced role of Assam Rifles in border management with modernized equipment.
• Intelligence sharing and coordinated operations with Myanmar authorities.

3. Policy Initiatives:

• Review and regulation of the Free Movement Regime to prevent its misuse.
• Integration of technology for better surveillance and monitoring.
• Community engagement programs to gather local intelligence and support.

The dynamic security situation along the India-Myanmar border requires a balanced approach between hard security measures and diplomatic engagement. Success lies in implementing the proposed initiatives while maintaining strategic relationships with both the Myanmar military and various stakeholders in the region.