Subject: World Geography

India's growing interest in the Arctic region stems from the recognition of its strategic importance as a "Global Commons" and its profound impact on global climate patterns, especially the Indian Monsoon System.

Strategic and Geopolitical Interests

• The melting of Arctic ice has opened new maritime routes like the Northern Sea Route (NSR), potentially reducing shipping distances between Europe and Asia by 40%, making it economically significant for India's maritime trade.
• India's participation in the Arctic Council as an observer since 2013 strengthens its diplomatic relations with Arctic nations and enables strategic partnerships.
• Collaboration with Russia in Arctic ventures, including research on climate change and mineral resource exploration, reinforces India's strategic presence in the region.

Scientific Research and Climate Studies

• India established its first Arctic research station "Himadri" at Svalbard, Norway, focusing on climate change research and its impact on the Indian subcontinent.
• Between 2023-2025, India conducted significant research collaborations including:
  • Fieldwork in the Canadian High Arctic studying permafrost microbes.
  • Regular winter expeditions with the Norwegian Polar Institute.
  • Studies on biophysical processes in sea ice melting with the Korean Polar Research Institute.

Resource Potential and Economic Interests

• The Arctic region holds approximately 30% of undiscovered natural gas and 13% of undiscovered oil reserves globally.
• India's Arctic Policy (2022) promotes sustainable resource exploration and infrastructure development opportunities.
• Focus on developing clean technologies and sustainable resource utilization through partnerships with Nordic nations.

Environmental Concerns and Scientific Cooperation

• India's involvement in Arctic environmental monitoring helps understand global climate change impacts.
• Collaboration in areas like maritime safety, telecommunications, and pollution research strengthens international scientific cooperation.
• Emphasis on non-militarized, stability-focused presence promoting environmental protection.

The convergence of India's strategic, scientific, and economic interests in the Arctic region aligns with its broader goal of becoming a key player in global governance. Through initiatives like "Mission SARITA" (Scientific and Applied Research in the Arctic), India continues to strengthen its position as a responsible stakeholder in Arctic affairs while contributing to sustainable development and scientific research in the region.