India's economic growth, while substantial, has not translated into widespread prosperity, raising ethical concerns about distributive justice. This unequal distribution has created pockets of privilege amidst widespread deprivation, necessitating a deeper examination of its causes and potential remedies.

Concentrated Wealth

Unequal distribution contradicts Rawls's theory of justice, which emphasizes fairness and equal opportunity. It also goes against the Gandhian principle of "Sarvodaya," uplifting all members of society.

• Limited Trickle-Down Effect: Economic benefits haven't reached lower strata as envisioned.
  • Example: Despite India's IT boom, rural poverty persists, evidenced by the World Bank's poverty estimates.
• Wealth Concentration: A small percentage holds a disproportionate share of national wealth.
  • Example: Oxfam's 2021 report highlighted the growing wealth disparity in India during the pandemic.
• Crony Capitalism: Favourable policies benefitting select businesses exacerbate inequality.
  • Example: The 2G spectrum allocation scam exemplifies how corruption can concentrate wealth unfairly.

Neglect of Social Infrastructure

This neglect violates the fundamental right to equality (Article 14) and the Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 39) promoting welfare. It also contradicts the utilitarian principle of maximizing overall happiness.

• Inadequate Public Services: Essential services like healthcare and education remain inaccessible to many.
  • Example: The ASER report consistently reveals disparities in learning outcomes across different socioeconomic groups.
• Rural-Urban Divide: Development remains skewed towards urban areas, neglecting rural needs.
  • Example: Limited access to quality healthcare in rural areas contributes to higher maternal and child mortality rates compared to urban areas as per the National Family Health Survey-5.
• Digital Divide: Unequal access to technology further marginalizes vulnerable populations.
  • Example: The National Digital Literacy Mission aims to bridge the digital divide, but challenges in implementation persist, particularly in remote areas.

India's pursuit of economic growth must prioritize ethical considerations. Strengthening social safety nets, promoting inclusive growth policies, and ensuring equitable access to resources are crucial for translating national wealth into shared prosperity and upholding the values enshrined in the Constitution.