Introduction ABC Ltd.'s venture in Vikaspuri highlights the ethical dilemma of balancing economic development with social and environmental responsibility. This case mirrors the ongoing debate surrounding industrial projects like POSCO's steel plant in Odisha, exemplifying the conflict between utilitarianism, aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number through economic development, and the rights approach, emphasizing the rights of the affected communities, particularly concerning displacement and environmental impact.

Stakeholder Identification ABC Ltd., Shareholders, Vikaspuri Residents, Government, Migrants, General Public.

a) Issues involved in the case

1. Social injustice and violation of rights: Displacement and disruption of the existing social and economic order of Vikaspuri residents. This infringes upon their right to livelihood and a peaceful existence, potentially leading to social unrest.
2. Environmental Conservation vs. Economic Development: While the plant uses energy-efficient technology, the larger environmental impact of increased industrial activity and migration needs assessment. This encompasses potential pollution, strain on resources, and disruption of the local ecosystem.
3. Public welfare vs Private gain: The case presents a conflict between the company's pursuit of profit (private gain) and the potential negative consequences for the residents (public welfare). This raises questions about the limits of corporate responsibility and the government's role in safeguarding public interest.
4. Lack of justice and transparency: The residents' concerns not being addressed by the government demonstrates a lack of justice and transparency in decision-making processes. This erodes public trust and highlights the need for participatory and inclusive development planning.
5. Short-term Gain vs. Long-term Gain: The government's focus on attracting investment and the company's pursuit of short-term cost savings (20% production cost reduction) might overshadow the long-term implications for Vikaspuri's social and environmental sustainability.

b) Suggestions to satisfy company’s goals and address residents’ concerns

1. Prioritizing Stakeholder Engagement and Consent: Implement a robust and transparent process of free, prior, and informed consent with the Vikaspuri residents, upholding their right to self-determination. This includes genuine dialogue, impact assessments, and incorporating their feedback into project design and implementation. Example: Vedanta's Niyamgiri project cancellation demonstrates the importance of respecting community rights.
2. Ensuring Equitable Compensation and Rehabilitation: Provide fair and adequate compensation for land acquisition and displacement, exceeding mere market value. Implement comprehensive rehabilitation plans that include housing, livelihood restoration, and skill development programs. Example: Tata Steel's rehabilitation efforts in Kalinganagar can serve as a benchmark.
3. Investing in Local Infrastructure and Public Services: Mitigate the increased cost of living by investing in public services like healthcare, education, and transportation. Ensure equitable access to these services for both existing residents and new migrants. This aligns with the common good approach and promotes social harmony. Example: The Azim Premji Foundation's work in rural education showcases a commitment to community development.
4. Implementing Environmental Protection Measures: Conduct thorough environmental impact assessments and implement stringent mitigation measures. Prioritize sustainable practices throughout the project lifecycle, exceeding minimum regulatory requirements. This upholds the public trust doctrine and ensures environmental stewardship. Example: The use of renewable energy sources by companies like Infosys demonstrates environmental responsibility.
5. Promoting Local Employment and Economic Opportunities: Prioritize hiring local residents for the new plant and related businesses, ensuring fair wages and working conditions. Support local entrepreneurship and skill development programs to maximize the economic benefits for the community. This embodies the utilitarian principle of maximizing overall well-being. Example: ITC's e-Choupal initiative empowers rural communities through technology and market access.
6. Establishing a Grievance Redressal Mechanism: Create an accessible and independent grievance redressal mechanism to address community concerns throughout the project lifecycle. This promotes transparency and accountability, addressing the lack of justice often faced by marginalized communities. Example: The National Green Tribunal (NGT) provides a platform for addressing environmental concerns.
7. Government Oversight and Regulation: Strengthen government oversight and regulatory frameworks to ensure compliance with environmental and social standards. Promote transparency in decision-making processes and enforce accountability for corporate actions. This upholds the principles of justice and the rule of law. Example: The Environmental Protection Act (1986) provides a legal framework for environmental protection.

Conclusion The Vikaspuri case underscores the ethical imperative of balancing economic development with social and environmental responsibility. Sustainable development requires prioritizing the rights and well-being of all stakeholders, particularly vulnerable communities. Successful examples like the Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) demonstrate the positive impact of community-centric development initiatives. Moving forward, ethical decision-making frameworks that incorporate principles of justice, fairness, and sustainability are crucial for preventing similar ethical dilemmas and ensuring inclusive and equitable progress.