Corruption, a misuse of public power for private gain, undermines democratic institutions, impedes economic development, and erodes public trust. The existing anti-corruption mechanisms, while well-intentioned, have proven insufficient in curbing this pervasive issue.

Effectiveness of Existing Measures

This section evaluates the impact of current anti-corruption strategies. Kautilya's Arthashastra emphasizes the importance of checks and balances in governance, a principle reflected in many of these measures.

• Codes of Conduct: While intended to guide ethical behavior, these codes often lack effective enforcement mechanisms.

  • Example: The Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, while comprehensive, have seen limited impact on bureaucratic corruption due to weak implementation.

• Vigilance Mechanisms: These bodies play a crucial role in investigating corruption, but they often face capacity constraints and political interference.

  • Example: The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), despite its mandate, faces challenges in tackling high-level corruption due to limited autonomy.

• Right to Information (RTI): RTI has empowered citizens to expose corruption, but its effectiveness is hampered by delays, bureaucratic hurdles, and, in some cases, threats to RTI activists.

  • Example: The murder of RTI activist Satish Shetty in 2010 highlights the risks faced by those who expose corruption.

Strategies for Enhanced Corruption Control

Drawing inspiration from Gandhi's emphasis on moral leadership, this section proposes strategies to strengthen the fight against corruption.

• Strengthening Institutional Frameworks: Independent investigative bodies with prosecutorial powers and robust whistleblower protection mechanisms are essential.

  • Example: Hong Kong's Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) serves as a model for an effective anti-corruption agency.

• Fostering a Cultural Shift: Promoting ethical values and integrity through education and public awareness campaigns can create a social environment that discourages corruption.

  • Example: Initiatives like Integrity Pacts, promoted by Transparency International, encourage ethical practices in public procurement.

• Leveraging Technology: Digitalization of government services and increased transparency in financial transactions can reduce opportunities for corruption.

  • Example: Estonia's e-governance system has significantly minimized corruption by reducing human interaction in public services.

A multi-pronged approach encompassing robust institutions, ethical leadership, and technological solutions is crucial to effectively combat corruption and build a more transparent and accountable governance system in India.