Immanuel Kant's assertion that humans should be treated as "ends" and not "means" emphasizes inherent human worth. This principle raises critical ethical dilemmas in our technologically driven world, where individuals can be reduced to instruments for profit or progress.

Dignity and Autonomy

Kant's concept aligns with the principle of respecting human dignity and autonomy. Treating individuals as ends entails recognizing their intrinsic value and right to self-determination, echoing the Gandhian philosophy of Sarvodaya, uplifting all.

• Individual Liberty: Respecting individual choices and freedoms, even in a collective setting.
  • Example: The right to informed consent in medical procedures, as upheld in the landmark Samira Kohli vs. Dr. Prabha Manchanda case (2008).
• Promoting Well-being: Prioritizing human flourishing and development over mere economic gains.
  • Example: The Bhutanese concept of Gross National Happiness, which measures societal well-being beyond economic indicators.
• Empowerment: Facilitating individuals' capacity to pursue their goals and contribute meaningfully to society.
  • Example: SHG (Self Help Group) movement in India, empowering women economically and socially.

Risks of Instrumentalization

Treating humans as means risks their objectification and exploitation. This can manifest in various forms, eroding ethical standards and societal values.

• Commodification: Reducing individuals to mere consumers or data points in the digital economy.
  • Example: Targeted advertising based on personal data, potentially manipulating consumer behavior.
• Labor Exploitation: Prioritizing profit maximization over fair wages and working conditions.
  • Example: The Rana Plaza garment factory collapse in Bangladesh (2013), highlighting unsafe working conditions in the pursuit of lower production costs.
• Social Division: Creating hierarchies based on economic utility, leading to social inequalities.
  • Example: The gig economy, where workers often lack basic labor protections and benefits.

In conclusion, navigating the complexities of the modern techno-economic society requires a nuanced approach. While technological advancements and economic growth are essential, they must not come at the cost of human dignity and autonomy. A just and ethical society prioritizes human well-being and ensures that individuals are treated as ends in themselves, reflecting the core values enshrined in the Indian Constitution.