Mains Answer Writing - 10 Jul, 2026

GS2

International Relations

15 marks

"Critical minerals have emerged as the new strategic resources of the 21st century." Discuss their significance for India's economic and strategic security. Examine how international partnerships can strengthen India's critical mineral ecosystem.

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Tips for your answer

Do not restrict the answer to mining. Link critical minerals with energy transition, manufacturing, defence, semiconductors and strategic autonomy.
Remember examples such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements, the India–Australia partnership and the National Critical Mineral Mission for value addition.
Avoid focusing only on imports; discuss domestic exploration, mineral processing, recycling and diversified global partnerships to present a holistic strategy.

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