Mains Answer Writing - 3 Feb, 2026

Tips for your answer

• Define first, then differentiate: Start by defining horizontal devolution and clearly state that the 16th FC shifts it from being purely need-based to a need + performance-based framework.
• Highlight the GDP contribution logic in one line: Explain that adding “contribution to GDP” rewards economically productive states, incentivising growth, efficiency, and competitive federalism.
• Balance with a concern + conclusion phrase: Briefly note the risk of reduced equity for poorer states, then conclude with UPSC language:
• “The criteria seek to balance redistributive justice with economic efficiency.”