Q10. What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes(STs)?

Model Answer:

Introduction

Since India gained independence in 1947, the government has implemented several legal initiatives to address discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (STs) and promote their rights and welfare. Two major legal initiatives in this regard are:

Body

The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989:

  • Objective: This Act was enacted to prevent atrocities and discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, providing them with legal protection and ensuring justice.
  • Key Provisions:
    • It defines various forms of atrocities committed against STs, such as physical violence, social and economic discrimination, and violations of their dignity.
    • The Act provides for special courts to expedite the trial of offences against STs, ensuring timely justice.

 The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996:

  • Objective: This Act aims to enhance the participation of Scheduled Tribes in local governance by extending the provisions of the Panchayati Raj system to Scheduled Areas, ensuring their representation and involvement in decision-making.
  • Key Provisions:
    • It mandates the establishment of Panchayati Raj institutions in Scheduled Areas, allowing STs to have a voice in local governance.
    • The Act ensures that the composition of the Panchayati Raj bodies includes adequate representation for Scheduled Tribes, thus empowering them to influence decisions affecting their communities.‍

Conclusion

‍These two major legal initiatives reflect the Indian government's commitment to addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes. The Prevention of Atrocities Act seeks to protect STs from violence and discrimination, while the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act empowers them politically and socially. Together, these laws aim to promote the rights, dignity, and development of Scheduled Tribes in India, fostering an inclusive society.

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