Subject: Internal Security

India faces multifaceted internal security challenges that require a coordinated response from various intelligence and investigative agencies. Here's a comprehensive analysis:

Major Internal Security Challenges

• Cross-Border Terrorism: Recent intelligence reports indicate 167 terrorists positioned along India-Pakistan border in December 2024, with numbers fluctuating between 122-146 in early 2025, posing significant security threats.

• Left Wing Extremism (LWE): Despite showing a declining trend since 2010, Naxalism continues to affect several states, particularly in the Red Corridor region through hit-and-run tactics and guerrilla warfare.

• Cyber Security Threats: Rising incidents of cyber attacks, data breaches, and digital warfare targeting critical infrastructure and financial systems pose new-age security challenges.

• Drug Trafficking: The Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle routes continue to pose challenges for India's border security and internal stability.

Role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies

Intelligence Agencies

• Intelligence Bureau (IB):
  • Allocated Rs 3,893.35 crore in Budget 2025-26 for internal intelligence gathering and counter-terrorism operations.
  • Coordinates with state agencies for real-time intelligence sharing.

Investigation Agencies

• National Investigation Agency (NIA):
  • Specializes in investigating terror-related cases and organized crime.
  • Conducts coordinated operations with international agencies.

Paramilitary Forces

• Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs):
  • Received substantial allocation of Rs 1,60,391.06 crore in 2025-26.
  • CRPF: Leads anti-Naxal operations and internal security duties.
  • BSF: Guards international borders and prevents infiltration.

Coordination and Response Mechanism

• Multi-Agency Centre (MAC):
  • Facilitates real-time information sharing among different agencies.
  • Conducts joint operations and coordinates response strategies.

The multifaceted approach by these agencies, supported by robust budgetary allocations like Rs 2,33,210.68 crore to MHA in 2025-26, demonstrates India's commitment to tackling internal security challenges through a coordinated institutional framework. The success of operations by Special Protection Group and Delhi Police, allocated Rs 489 crore and Rs 11,931.66 crore respectively, further strengthens India's internal security apparatus.