Subject: International Relations

India's constructive role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) has become increasingly crucial amidst growing regional tensions and conflicts between member states. The organization, while offering immense potential for cooperation, faces challenges due to Indo-China border disputes and Russia-Ukraine conflict, affecting its cohesive functioning.

Challenges Affecting SCO's Functioning

• Bilateral Tensions:

  • Persistent India-China border disputes since the Galwan Valley clash have created trust deficit.
  • Russia-Ukraine conflict has strained relationships between member states with differing positions.

• Security Concerns:

  • Rising threats of terrorism, separatism, and extremism in the region.
  • Divergent approaches to regional security and stability among member states.

India's Role in Mitigating Problems

• Counter-Terrorism Initiatives:

  • Active participation in UN Global Counter Terrorism Strategy (GCTS).
  • Co-chairing the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting-Plus Experts Working Group on Counter-Terrorism.
  • Hosting Special meeting of the UNSC Counter Terrorism Committee.

• Economic Cooperation:

  • Promoting trade agreements with SCO members (e.g., rice exports to China).
  • Fostering cooperation in energy and technology with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
  • Initiatives in startups and traditional medicine sectors.

• Diplomatic Engagement:

  • Emphasizing respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity.
  • Advocating for "whole of government and whole of society" approach to regional challenges.
  • Supporting connectivity initiatives while maintaining strategic autonomy.

• Strategic Balance:

  • Recalibrating threat perception and military modernization.
  • De-risking strategic economic sectors while maintaining engagement.
  • Promoting multilateral cooperation despite bilateral tensions.

India's balanced approach through multi-aligned foreign policy and commitment to regional stability has been instrumental in maintaining SCO's relevance despite internal conflicts. The success of initiatives like the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and Chabahar Port demonstrates India's commitment to fostering regional connectivity and cooperation.