Subject: Economy/Social Issues

India's rising life expectancy from 69.7 years in 2015-19 to a projected 75 years by 2050 has brought forth new healthcare challenges, particularly for the growing elderly population that requires specialized medical attention and social support systems.

Health Challenges Due to Increased Life Expectancy

1. Rising Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

• NCDs account for 60% (5.87 million) of all deaths in India, indicating a significant health burden.
• National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) data shows increasing prevalence of obesity and lifestyle-related diseases.
• Chronic conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases require long-term management and care.

2. Demographic and Economic Challenges

• India's elderly population is projected to reach 20.8% by 2050 from 10.1% in 2021.
• 70% of elderly Indians live in rural areas with limited access to specialized healthcare.
• Economic dependency affects 70% of the elderly population, while 78% lack pension support.

3. Healthcare Infrastructure Gaps

• Limited availability of geriatric care facilities in rural areas.
• Insufficient number of specialized healthcare professionals.
• Inadequate palliative care and hospice facilities.

Steps to Address These Challenges

1. Policy and Infrastructure Development

• Implementation of National Policy for Senior Citizens (2011) focusing on health insurance coverage.
• Establishment of geriatric care units in district hospitals.
• Promoting public-private partnerships for elderly healthcare services.

2. Healthcare Service Enhancement

• Strengthening primary healthcare centers with geriatric care facilities.
• Training healthcare workers in elderly care through programs like National Program for Health Care of Elderly.
• Integration of traditional medicine systems like AYUSH for holistic healthcare.

3. Social Security Measures

• Expanding pension coverage through schemes like Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana.
• Promoting health insurance schemes like Ayushman Bharat for elderly care.
• Developing community-based care models for the elderly.

The comprehensive approach to address these emerging health challenges requires synchronization between healthcare infrastructure development, social security measures, and policy implementation. Success stories like Kerala's Vayomithram scheme demonstrate the effectiveness of integrated elderly care programs.