Subject: Indian Polity

The Election Commission of India (ECI) has evolved from being a constitutional body to becoming the guardian of electoral democracy through its robust implementation of the Model Code of Conduct (MCC). The recent directive making political parties accountable for MCC violations by star campaigners reflects its growing assertiveness in ensuring free and fair elections.

Evolution of Model Code of Conduct

• The MCC originated as a voluntary code in the 1960s during Kerala Assembly elections, later evolving into comprehensive guidelines for regulating electoral conduct.

• The code encompasses various aspects:

  • Electoral Guidelines: Regulates campaign speeches, rallies, and use of government resources.
  • Party Conduct: Monitors behavior of political parties and their representatives.
  • Government Actions: Restricts announcement of new schemes during election period.

Role of Election Commission in Implementing MCC

• Regulatory Powers:

  • Issues directives to ensure compliance with MCC guidelines.
  • Monitors campaign activities and electoral expenditure.
  • Takes action against violations through warnings, censures, or FIRs.

• Recent Initiatives:

  • Introduced new rule in 2024 linking MCC violations by star campaigners to party recognition.
  • Enhanced monitoring of social media campaigns and digital propaganda.
  • Strengthened mechanisms for quick response to violations.

Challenges and Way Forward

• Implementation Challenges:

  • Limited legal backing as MCC remains voluntary.
  • Difficulty in monitoring widespread violations.
  • Political resistance to strict enforcement.

• Suggested Reforms:

  • Need for statutory backing to MCC.
  • Enhancement of ECI's technological capabilities.
  • Strengthening of grievance redressal mechanism.

The ECI's evolving role in implementing the MCC showcases India's commitment to strengthening democratic processes. The recent reforms, including the 2024 directive on star campaigners and enhanced monitoring mechanisms, demonstrate its adaptation to emerging electoral challenges. Going forward, statutory backing to MCC and technological upgradation will further strengthen electoral integrity and democratic values.