Subject: Internal Security

India faces complex internal security challenges from both state and non-state actors that require a comprehensive and nuanced response strategy. The increasing sophistication of these threats demands constant vigilance and adaptation of security measures.

External State Actors Challenges

• Border Disputes: Ongoing tensions with neighboring countries like China (LAC issues) and Pakistan (cross-border terrorism) pose significant security challenges.

• Cyber Warfare: State-sponsored cyber attacks targeting critical infrastructure, as evidenced by attacks on Karnataka's Kaveri 2.0 property portal and AIIMS Delhi ransomware attack in 2023.

• Economic Espionage: Foreign state actors attempting to gain unauthorized access to sensitive industrial and technological information.

Non-State Actors Challenges

• Cross-Border Terrorism: Though there has been a significant decrease in terrorism-related incidents from 457 in 2022 to 267 in 2023, the threat remains persistent.

• Cyber Crime: Increasing attacks on critical infrastructure including power utility systems in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, affecting national security.

• Information Warfare: Spread of misinformation through social media platforms affecting social harmony and democratic processes.

Measures to Combat These Threats

Technological Solutions

• Implementation of Integrated Battle Groups (IBGs) for swift response.
• Enhancement of cyber security infrastructure through initiatives like National Cyber Security Strategy.
• Deployment of AI-enabled surveillance systems along borders.

Administrative Measures

• Strengthening intelligence sharing through Multi Agency Centre (MAC).
• Enhanced coordination between central and state agencies through NATGRID.
• Implementation of Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS).

International Cooperation

• Bilateral and multilateral cooperation through forums like FATF and Interpol.
• Joint military exercises with friendly nations.
• Information sharing agreements for counter-terrorism.

India's multi-pronged approach to internal security must evolve continuously to meet emerging challenges. The success of initiatives like Operation All Out and the achievement of "zero infiltration" in 2023 demonstrates the effectiveness of coordinated security measures, while highlighting the need for sustained vigilance and adaptation to emerging threats.