Subject: Environment & Ecology

India faces significant challenges in water management with 54% of the country facing high to extremely high water stress. Here's an analysis of measures to improve water storage and irrigation systems for judicious water use.

Technological Interventions

• Implementation of Smart Irrigation Technologies like IoT-enabled sensors and AI-based systems for real-time monitoring of soil moisture and water requirements.

• Promotion of Micro-irrigation Systems through:

  • Installation of drip and sprinkler irrigation systems under PMKSY.
  • Integration with solar pumps under PM-KUSUM scheme.
  • Precision farming techniques for optimal water utilization.

Infrastructure Development

• Enhancement of Storage Capacity:

  • Completion of 63 prioritized Major/Medium Irrigation projects under AIBP component of PMKSY.
  • Construction of check dams, farm ponds, and percolation tanks.
  • Revival of traditional water harvesting structures like step wells and johads.

• Modernization of Existing Infrastructure:

  • Canal lining to prevent seepage losses.
  • Installation of Smart water meters for consumption monitoring.
  • Development of 3.54 lakh hectares irrigation potential under Surface Minor Irrigation.

Policy and Management Measures

• Institutional Framework:

  • Implementation of State Water Policies aligned with National Water Policy.
  • Formation of Water User Associations for participatory irrigation management.
  • Integration of IWRAP (Integrated Water Resources Action Plan) at state level.

• Financial Support:

  • Allocation of Rs. 598.87 crore under PMKSY for FY 2023-24.
  • State-specific schemes like Mukhyamantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan.
  • Incentives for farmers adopting water-efficient technologies.

The implementation of these measures, coupled with community participation and awareness, can lead to sustainable water management. Success stories like Gujarat's Micro Irrigation Network and Maharashtra's Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan demonstrate the effectiveness of integrated approaches in water conservation and management.