Subject: Indian Polity

The transformation of Rajya Sabha from being labeled as a 'useless stepney tire' by Dr. Ambedkar to becoming an essential organ of Indian democracy reflects the evolution of India's parliamentary system. The House has emerged as a crucial platform for deliberative democracy and federal representation.

Factors Contributing to Transformation

1. Enhanced Legislative Performance:

• Record-breaking 17-hour debate on the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025 showcasing deep parliamentary engagement.
• Passage of 14 bills in Budget Session 2025, demonstrating active legislative participation.
• Comprehensive deliberations on Union Budget 2025-26 with participation from 89 members.

2. Constitutional Safeguards:

• Equal powers with Lok Sabha in constitutional amendment bills ensuring federal balance.
• Crucial role in election and impeachment of the President.
• Joint authority in removal recommendations for high-ranking officials.

3. Federal Representative Character:

• Platform for states to voice regional concerns and interests.
• Representation of experts through nominated members enhancing quality of debates.
• Bridge between Centre and States in policy formulation.

Areas of Visible Transformation

1. Legislative Deliberations:

• Extensive discussions on crucial bills ensuring thorough scrutiny.
• Active participation in Motion of Thanks debates with 73 members contributing.
• Quality interventions through expert members' inputs.

2. Financial Matters:

• Constructive role in scrutinizing financial bills related to Consolidated Fund of India.
• Detailed examination of budgetary allocations and fiscal policies.
• Protection of states' financial interests.

3. Federal Balance:

• Effective check on majoritarianism through bicameral review.
• Platform for opposition voices ensuring democratic discourse.
• Protection of regional interests in national policy-making.

This transformation has strengthened India's federal structure and parliamentary democracy, making Rajya Sabha an indispensable institution for balanced governance and inclusive policy-making, exemplified by its role in key legislative processes like the GST implementation and constitutional amendments.