Subject: Indian Polity

The multiplicity of commissions in India, such as the National Commission for Women (NCW), National Commission for Minorities (NCM), and National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), has led to debates about their effectiveness and operational efficiency. While these specialized bodies serve distinct purposes, the overlapping jurisdictions often create administrative challenges.

Arguments in Favor of Merger

• Administrative Efficiency:

  • Consolidation would streamline operations and reduce bureaucratic redundancies.
  • Single-window system for grievance redressal would enhance accessibility for citizens.
  • Unified budget allocation would ensure optimal resource utilization.

• Coordinated Approach:

  • A unified commission can develop comprehensive strategies addressing intersectional vulnerabilities.
  • Better coordination in handling cases involving multiple vulnerable groups.
  • Enhanced data sharing and policy recommendations.

Arguments Against Merger

• Specialized Focus:

  • Different vulnerable groups have unique challenges requiring dedicated attention.
  • SC/ST Commission specifically mandated under Article 338 of the Constitution.
  • Risk of diluting specific constitutional safeguards for certain groups.

• Operational Challenges:

  • Massive organizational restructuring could temporarily disrupt existing protection mechanisms.
  • Different vulnerable groups might compete for attention and resources.
  • Risk of bureaucratic overload in a single commission.

Way Forward: A Balanced Approach

• Hybrid Model:

  • Maintain separate commissions with a coordinating umbrella body.
  • Establish clear jurisdictional boundaries and standard operating procedures.
  • Create an integrated digital platform for information sharing.

• Institutional Reforms:

  • Strengthen existing inter-commission coordination mechanisms.
  • Implement common minimum standards for all commissions.
  • Regular review of performance and jurisdictional overlaps.

The question of merging various commissions into an umbrella Human Rights Commission requires careful consideration of constitutional mandates, operational efficiency, and effectiveness of protection mechanisms. A balanced approach focusing on enhanced coordination while preserving specialized attention for vulnerable groups through mechanisms like the National Integration Council and NITI Aayog's Social Justice Index would be more beneficial than complete merger.