Subject: Internal Security

The rising digital age has witnessed the emergence of cyberspace as the fifth domain of warfare, where non-state actors exploit social media platforms for subversive activities, posing significant challenges to national security and social harmony.

Misuse of Internet and Social Media by Non-State Actors

1. Cybersecurity Threats and Attacks

• A dramatic surge in cybersecurity incidents from 394,499 in 2019 to 1,592,917 cases in 2023, indicating the growing sophistication of cyber threats.
• Government organizations faced increased targeting, with incidents rising from 85,797 to 204,844 between 2019-2023.

2. Online Radicalization and Terrorism

• Social media platforms being used as tools for spreading extremist ideologies and recruiting vulnerable individuals.
• Digital propaganda campaigns designed to promote terrorism and create social discord.
• Platforms like Twitter (X) banned over 1.1 million Indian accounts for promoting terrorism and violating guidelines.

3. Social Disruption and Communal Discord

• Platforms like WhatsApp and Facebook being exploited to spread disinformation targeting specific communities.
• Orchestrated campaigns leading to communal clashes and riots through fake news and inflammatory content.

Effective Guidelines to Counter the Threat

1. Technical and Legislative Measures

• Implementation of robust cybersecurity frameworks and regular security audits.
• Strengthening IT Act provisions to deal with emerging cyber threats.
• Enhanced content monitoring mechanisms through AI-based tools.

2. International Cooperation

• Collaboration through platforms like INTERPOL for sharing intelligence and best practices.
• Development of global protocols for quick response to cyber threats.
• Joint operations to tackle cross-border cyber crimes.

3. Capacity Building and Awareness

• Digital literacy campaigns to create awareness about cyber threats.
• Training programs for law enforcement agencies in cyber investigation.
• Public-private partnerships for technological solutions.

The multi-faceted challenge of cyber threats requires a comprehensive response through technological solutions, legislative frameworks, and international cooperation. Success stories like Operation Chakra by CBI demonstrate the effectiveness of coordinated action against cyber criminals.