Subject: International Relations

India's Look East Policy (LEP), initiated in 1991 and later transformed into Act East Policy (AEP) in 2014, represents a strategic shift in India's foreign policy orientation following the end of the Cold War and economic liberalization. The policy seeks to strengthen India's engagement with Southeast Asian nations and the broader Indo-Pacific region.

Economic Dimensions

• Trade Integration: India-ASEAN trade has witnessed remarkable growth, reaching USD 100.72 billion in 2023, with exports to ASEAN touching USD 67 billion and imports at USD 35 billion.

• Connectivity Projects: Strategic infrastructure initiatives like the India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway and Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project are enhancing physical connectivity and economic integration.

• Maritime Commerce: Development of ports and shipping routes through initiatives like Project Mausam and Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) has boosted maritime trade.

Strategic Dimensions

• Maritime Security: India's active participation in regional forums like the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) and Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) strengthens maritime cooperation.

• Multilateral Engagement: The Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) anchored by India, including Maldives, Mauritius, and Sri Lanka, demonstrates India's growing role in regional security architecture.

• Technological Cooperation: Recent developments like the India-Italy MoU with 131 scientific cooperation activities showcase India's commitment to technological advancement through international partnerships.

Strategic Significance

• Counter-China Strategy: The policy serves as a strategic counterbalance to China's growing influence in Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean Region.

• Regional Integration: Enhanced connectivity through BIMSTEC and ASEAN frameworks promotes regional economic integration and strategic partnerships.

The transformation from LEP to AEP reflects India's evolving role from being a mere observer to an active participant in the Indo-Pacific strategic landscape. With initiatives like the Quad and strategic partnerships with countries like Japan and Australia, India is positioning itself as a key player in maintaining regional stability and promoting economic prosperity. The success of these initiatives will be crucial for India's emergence as a significant power in the Asian Century.