Subject: Internal Security

The surge in industrial development projects in backward regions like Malkangiri and Naxalbari has created a complex web of displacement and alienation, fueling the Left Wing Extremism (LWE) movement. The development-displacement paradox has pushed many affected citizens towards extremist ideologies, necessitating a comprehensive approach to address their grievances.

Root Causes and Impact Assessment

• Land Alienation: Large-scale industrial projects have led to displacement of tribal populations from their ancestral lands, disrupting their traditional way of life and livelihood patterns.

• Economic Marginalization: Lack of adequate compensation and rehabilitation has pushed many displaced families into poverty, making them vulnerable to LWE recruitment.

• Social Disruption: The breakdown of community structures and cultural practices has created a sense of alienation among the affected populations.

Comprehensive Corrective Strategies

Socio-Economic Measures

• Implementation of Forest Rights Act (FRA) to ensure land rights and protect tribal interests.
• Enhanced allocation under RCPLWEA (increased to ₹1000 crore in 2024-25) for infrastructure development.
• Focus on skill development through Civic Action Programme (CAP) to enable alternative livelihood options.

Administrative Reforms

• Strengthening Gram Sabhas to ensure community participation in development decisions.
• Implementation of PESA Act provisions for local self-governance in scheduled areas.
• Enhanced coordination between state and central agencies through Special Central Assistance (SCA) schemes.

Infrastructure Development

• Implementation of Road Requirement Plan-I (RRP-I) to improve connectivity in affected areas.
• Focus on education and healthcare facilities through Additional Central Assistance (ACA) schemes.
• Development of market linkages for tribal products and agricultural produce.

Rehabilitation and Compensation

• Comprehensive rehabilitation packages including alternative land allocation.
• Fair compensation based on market rates and future appreciation.
• Special emphasis on livelihood restoration and skill development.

The path to mainstreaming LWE-affected citizens requires a balanced approach combining development with sensitivity towards tribal rights and culture. Success stories like the Gadchiroli Model of Maharashtra demonstrate that inclusive development coupled with effective governance can create sustainable solutions to the LWE challenge through schemes like Van Dhan Vikas Karyakram and Tribal Sub-Plan.