Subject: Internal Security

India's diverse social fabric, characterized by its pluralistic ethos and multicultural heritage, faces growing challenges from radicalization influenced by regional dynamics and cross-border terrorism. The country's resilience in maintaining social harmony while combating extremist ideologies requires a comprehensive understanding and strategic response.

Manifestation of Radicalism in India

• Cross-Border Terrorism: Despite achieving "zero infiltration" in 2023, India continues to face security challenges with terrorism-related incidents declining from 457 in 2022 to 267 in 2023.

• Communal Violence: A concerning 84% increase in communal incidents during 2024, with 59 communal riots documented by the Centre for Study of Society and Secularism (CSSS).

• Economic Impact: Significant disruption to trade, commerce, tourism, and agriculture, particularly in sensitive regions like Jammu & Kashmir, affecting industrial activities and foreign investment.

Contributing Factors

• Regional Instability: Proximity to conflict zones and unstable neighbors like Afghanistan and Pakistan amplifies security challenges.

• Social Media Radicalization: Digital platforms becoming breeding grounds for extremist ideologies and recruitment.

• Socio-economic Disparities: Unemployment and economic inequalities making youth vulnerable to radical narratives.

Strategic Response Framework

• International Cooperation:

  • India's contribution of $500,000 to UN Counter-Terrorism Trust Fund in 2024.
  • Participation in Quad Counterterrorism Working Group.
  • Joint special forces exercises with strategic partners.

• Domestic Measures:

  • Implementation of Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) for intelligence coordination.
  • Strengthening National Investigation Agency (NIA) capabilities.
  • Enhanced border management through CIBMS (Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System).

• Community Engagement:

  • Promoting interfaith dialogue through National Foundation for Communal Harmony.
  • Implementation of PREVENT strategy focusing on education and de-radicalization.
  • Strengthening local peace committees and civil society initiatives.

India's commitment to preserving its secular fabric while effectively countering radicalization requires a balanced approach combining security measures with social cohesion initiatives. The success of programs like "Operation Sadbhavana" in conflict zones demonstrates the effectiveness of a comprehensive strategy incorporating both hard and soft power approaches.