Subject: Science and Technology

Answer:

The decline in scientific research in Indian universities is a complex phenomenon rooted in socio-economic factors and institutional challenges. The recent Global Innovation Index 2023 ranking India at 40th position reflects both progress and persistent concerns in the scientific research ecosystem.

Factors Contributing to Decline

Economic Disparities:

• Entry-level scientists earn around ₹7.50 LPA, while MBA graduates and software engineers command significantly higher packages, making science careers less financially attractive.
• The disparity widens with experience, as scientists with 10+ years reach only ₹20 LPA, compared to much higher earnings in corporate sectors.

Limited Research Opportunities:

• Out of 6,000 science PhDs awarded annually, less than 2,000 find suitable employment in research institutions.
• The employment gap creates uncertainty and drives talent towards more secure career options.

Infrastructure and Funding Challenges:

• Despite increased allocation to Ministry of Earth Sciences from ₹2,394.56 crore (2023-24) to ₹3,064.80 crore (2024-25), per capita research funding remains low.
• Limited access to advanced research facilities and equipment hampers quality research output.

Consumer-Oriented University Culture

Market-Driven Education:

• Universities increasingly focus on courses with immediate employability rather than fundamental research.
• The emphasis on placement statistics over research output affects academic priorities.

Solutions and Way Forward

Research Ecosystem Enhancement:

• Implementation of National Research Foundation to boost research funding and collaboration.
• Creating dedicated research positions through programs like INSPIRE Faculty Scheme.

Industry-Academia Partnership:

• Promoting Public-Private Partnership in research through initiatives like IMPRINT India.
• Establishing research-oriented industrial clusters near universities.

The projected increase in India's research budget to ₹3,649.81 crore by 2025-26 and the forecast that India will surpass the US in scientific publications by 2029 shows potential. However, structural reforms focusing on improving research infrastructure, providing competitive compensation, and creating a robust research ecosystem are essential for reversing the decline in scientific research at Indian universities.