Subject: Science & Technology

Answer:

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites represent a revolutionary advancement in material science, combining high-strength fibers embedded in a polymer matrix to create lightweight yet robust materials. The global FRP market, valued at $1.8 billion in 2024, highlights their growing significance in modern engineering applications.

Structure and Composition

• Primary Components: FRP consists of two main elements:
  • Reinforcement Fibers: Made from materials like glass, carbon, aramid, or basalt.
  • Polymer Matrix: Typically epoxy, polyester, or vinyl ester resins.

Manufacturing Process

• Pultrusion Method:

  • Continuous process where fibers are pulled through resin bath.
  • Shaped through heated die and cured under controlled conditions.

• Layup Techniques:

  • Hand Layup: Manual placement of fiber layers with resin application.
  • Vacuum Infusion: Uses vacuum pressure for uniform resin distribution.
  • Automated Fiber Placement: Computer-controlled precise fiber positioning.

Applications in Aviation Industry

• Structural Components:

  • Primary structures like wing components and tail sections.
  • Interior panels and cabin furnishings for weight reduction.

• Performance Benefits:

  • Weight Reduction: 20-30% lighter than traditional materials.
  • Fuel Efficiency: Enhanced due to reduced aircraft weight.
  • Corrosion Resistance: Extended service life in harsh environments.

Applications in Automobile Industry

• Body Components:

  • Hood, roof panels, and bumper systems.
  • Electric Vehicle Integration: Battery enclosures and charging infrastructure.

• Manufacturing Benefits:

  • Design Flexibility: Complex shapes and integrated components.
  • Production Efficiency: Reduced assembly steps and parts consolidation.
  • Safety Features: Enhanced crash absorption properties.

India's commitment to FRP technology is evident through the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme's allocation of ₹195 billion for advanced manufacturing, establishing six new FRP production facilities since 2022. This demonstrates the nation's push towards becoming a global hub for composite materials manufacturing, particularly in renewable energy and sustainable transportation sectors.