Subject: International Relations

The ISAF withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2014 marked a critical juncture in regional geopolitics, presenting unprecedented security challenges for India and neighboring nations. The power vacuum created by this withdrawal has led to significant regional instability, with the Taliban's resurgence becoming a primary concern for regional security.

Major Security Implications for Regional Countries

• Rise of Terrorism: The withdrawal created opportunities for terrorist groups like LeT and AQIS to establish strongholds, leading to attacks on Indian consulates and interests in Afghanistan.

• Drug Trafficking: Afghanistan's opium production surged post-withdrawal, creating challenges for regional law enforcement and border security.

• Regional Power Dynamics: Different strategic objectives of regional powers like China, Pakistan, and India have complicated the security landscape.

Challenges for India

• Strategic Infrastructure: India's investments in Afghan infrastructure projects like the Zaranj-Delaram Highway and Salma Dam face security threats.

• Diplomatic Presence: Safety concerns for Indian diplomatic missions and personnel, evidenced by attacks on Indian consulates.

• Counter-terrorism: Increased risk of cross-border terrorism, as demonstrated by the 2025 "Operation Sindoor" missile strikes in response to the Pahalgam attack.

Safeguarding India's Strategic Interests

• Development Partnership:

  • Continued commitment through $1 billion economic development aid (2016).
  • Focus on capacity building through education and infrastructure projects.

• Regional Cooperation:

  • Enhanced collaboration with Central Asian nations on cybersecurity and counter-terrorism.
  • Establishment of regular security council meetings with regional partners.

• Military Preparedness:

  • Strengthening border security infrastructure.
  • Enhanced intelligence sharing with friendly nations.

The evolving situation demands a multi-pronged approach focusing on regional stability, counter-terrorism cooperation, and sustainable development. India's strategic response through initiatives like the Afghan Parliament building construction and educational scholarships demonstrates its commitment to Afghanistan's stability while protecting its national interests through robust security measures and regional partnerships.