GS2
Governance
10 marks
"India's expanding cash transfer programmes have become an effective instrument of welfare, but they also raise concerns about fiscal sustainability." Examine this statement in the context of the recent expansion of Direct Benefit Transfers (DBTs).
India's Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system has expanded significantly, covering food, fertilizer, LPG and income support schemes. While it has improved welfare delivery and reduced leakages, its growing fiscal burden raises concerns about long-term sustainability.
Cash transfers as an effective welfare tool -
Concerns over fiscal sustainability -
Way Forward
Cash transfers have strengthened India's social protection architecture, but their expansion must be fiscally prudent. A balanced approach combining targeted welfare with productive public investment will ensure both inclusion and sustainable growth.
GS2
Indian Polity
11 Jul, 2026
“Judicial independence cannot become a shield against judicial accountability.” Examine this statement in light of the constitutional process for removing judges and the accountability concerns raised by a judge resigning during pending removal proceedings.
GS2
International Relations
Yesterday
"Critical minerals have emerged as the new strategic resources of the 21st century." Discuss their significance for India's economic and strategic security. Examine how international partnerships can strengthen India's critical mineral ecosystem.
GS3
Economy
9 Jul, 2026
"The success of ethanol blending depends as much on fuel quality and vehicle compatibility as on blending targets." Examine this statement in the context of India's transition towards E20 fuel.
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